Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the brain. It’s more common in adults than in children.
“ Pontine”是指pons, a part of the brain stem. “Myelinolysis” means that the myelin — the covering that protects nerve cells, including the pontine nerve cells — is beingdestroyed。
髓磷脂的破坏通常不是自发的。CPM通常是由于另一种疾病或医疗状况而发生的。
The disorder can’t be cured, but its symptoms can be treated.
CPM是两种类型的渗透脱髓鞘综合征（ODS）之一。另一种类型，称为外骨髓病（EPM），当髓鞘被破坏时发生大脑区域不是在脑干中。
另一方面，EPM很少没有CPM。
CPM的症状涉及身体运动和认知功能。
髓磷脂的损害会损害您的脑干神经。神经损伤干扰了nervous systemand muscles. As a result, you may experience:
- muscle weaknessin the face, arms, and legs
- delayed or poor reflexes and responses
- 言语缓慢和发音不佳
- 震颤
- swallowing difficulties
- poor balance
CPM也会损害您的脑细胞，这会影响您的心理健康以及身体健康。
您可能会经历confusionorhallucinations，或者您似乎是处于狂热的状态。有些人由于CPM而遭受智力障碍。
CPM的最常见原因是血液钠水平迅速增加。
钠是一个电解质矿物质这有助于调节您的液位水平，以确保您的细胞充分水合。
CPM can occur when your blood sodium levels increase sharply and quickly. Experts aren’t entirely clear on the reason for this damage, but it involves the rapid shift of water in the brain cells.
受到治疗的人hyponatremia, or low blood sodium levels, have an increased risk of developing CPM. Hyponatremia can cause a variety of symptoms and conditions, including:
低钠水平的处理包括静脉内（IV）输注钠溶液。但是，如果不正确地给药，可能会导致人体的钠水平升高太快。
如果您的低钠血症未经治疗至少2天，则更有可能开发CPM。
Chronic alcohol misuse,肝病， 和营养不良also increase your risk for developing CPM. These conditions are likely to cause changes in your sodium levels.
为了帮助诊断CPM，您的医生将运行血液测试以测量您的钠水平。
AnMRI of your head可以显示对您的脑干的任何损害。
你也可能会brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test。在此测试期间，您的医生会将电极连接到您的头部和耳朵上。
然后他们将扮演一个系列of clicks and other sounds through headphones. BAER measures your response time and brain activity when you hear each sound.
CPM is a serious medical condition and must be treated on an emergency basis. If you have symptoms consistent with the condition, get medical care as soon as possible.
Treatment is geared toward managing your symptoms and can include:
- 液体和药物以安全地调节钠水平
- physical therapy to improve balance and retain range of motion
- dopaminergic medications, such as levodopa (Inbrija), for people who developParkinson-like symptoms
Dopaminergic medications are used to:
- increasedopamine
- manage tremors
- 通过语音或吞咽来管理困难
CPM患者可以通过适当的治疗方法看到其症状改善，但他们可能仍会在平衡，流动性和反应时间方面存在慢性问题。
神经损伤也可能变为慢性，并可能导致永久性残疾。有些人将需要协助穿衣，养活自己并完成其他常规任务。
在极少数情况下，CPM可以导致：
- locked-in syndrome
- 昏迷
- even death
锁定综合症是一个人失去所有移动性和肌肉控制的条件。患有锁定综合症的人只能移动眼睛。
CPM最初认为死亡率rate
Although some people still die as a result of the brain damage sustained, many people with CPM are able to recover. Recent research puts the survival rate at
Between 25 and 40 percent of people recover without undergoing any longlasting effects.
However, most people who’ve recovered from CPM will still need some ongoing therapy and supportive care to manage its effects on a long-term basis.
