Crohn’s diseaseis a type of inflammatory bowel disease that can cause a variety of symptoms. Women are just as likely to get Crohn’s disease as men, but their symptoms are often different and unique.

本文将研究这些症状是什么，如何治疗它们以及如果您或您关心的人患有克罗恩病。

Crohn’s disease is anautoimmune diseasethat can affect any part of your gastrointestinal (GI) tract. But it mostly affects the end of your small intestine.

克罗恩病是两种主要类型之一炎症性肠病（IBD）。另一个是溃疡性结肠炎。

有了克罗恩的，您的消化道就会肿胀和刺激。最常见的症状会影响男性和女人，包括：

However, with Crohn’s disease, there are also certain symptoms that are specific to women. Let’s look at each of these in more detail.

消化困扰和食欲不振会导致您的身体无法正确吸收所需的营养。加上消化道的炎症，这可能会影响您的激素水平和阻碍激素功能。

If your hormone level and function is affected, it could cause the length of your menstrual cycle to fluctuate. It may also cause yourperiods to be painful。

应对这些症状的压力也可能影响您的激素水平及其工作方式。

消化道的长期炎症和刺激会干扰身体正确吸收铁的能力。血液中铁的水平低是最常见的原因anemia。

有了克罗恩病，您的铁水平也可能很低：

  • bleeding in your digestive tract
  • poor absorption of nutrients
  • 月经期

The most common symptom of anemia is fatigue. Other symptoms can include:

根据克罗恩与结肠炎基金会, 30 to 60 percent of people with Crohn’s disease have a lower-than-average bone density — mostly in the form of骨质疏松症。这种情况在女性中更为普遍。

如果您患有克罗恩病，那么您的血液中可能患有高水平的专门蛋白质（称为细胞因子）的风险较高。细胞因子会增加身体的炎症反应，并破坏形成新骨的速度并去除旧骨。这会增加您患骨质疏松症的风险。

其他可能会增加克罗恩的骨质疏松症风险的因素包括：

  • 服用克罗恩的爆发的类固醇药物
  • not getting regular exercise due to fatigue
  • 营养缺乏

A 2019 review noted that inflammation of the tissue that lines your abdomen may reduce your fertility level if you have active Crohn’s or have had recent surgery for the disease.

亚属rates have been tied to fallopian tube blockage and abdominal adhesions. Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue that can form between tissues and organs in your abdomen after surgery.

Pain during sex is known as全疾病困难在女性中比男性更普遍。

Painful intercourse may be due to active Crohn’s disease in the part of your digestive tract that surrounds your vagina or anus.

It may also be due to a直肠阴道瘘。

当直肠和阴道之间形成异常通道时，就会发生这种情况。这可能会导致阴道或肛门和阴道之间的性爱和疼痛疼痛，称为会阴。

由于粪便和气体会从肠子泄漏到阴道中，因此它也可能导致阴道经常感染。

Crohn’s disease has no cure. The goal of treatment is to:

  • 预防和控制爆发
  • 治疗症状
  • manage complications such as fistulas andintestinal blockage

重要的是要与您的医疗保健专业人员讨论您的胃肠道和妇科问题。了解您面临的问题可以帮助您的医生确定最佳护理计划。

克罗恩病的药物

克罗恩病的常见药物包括以下内容：

  • 氨基白杨。这些抗炎药用于帮助控制轻度炎症，如果您的症状轻度。
  • 皮质类固醇。These anti-inflammatory drugs help subdue the immune system and are used short-term for moderate to severe symptoms.
  • Immunomodulators.这些药物有助于抑制免疫系统并缓解消化道中的炎症。当其他治疗没有帮助时，通常会开处方长期使用，但是它们可能需要一段时间才能充分发挥作用。这就是为什么他们有时会与其他药物一起开始，这些药物在短期内照顾症状。
  • Biologics.这些药物长期用于治疗中度至重度克罗恩病。这些药物阻碍了触发炎症的特定蛋白质的作用。药物类包括：
    • 整联蛋白拮抗剂
    • 白介素抑制剂
  • 其他药物。Other medicines used to treat symptoms or complications include:

排便

严重的克罗恩病症状可能需要几天或几周的肠休息。这涉及不进食，仅饮用经过认可的液体，例如水和营养丰富的奶昔。

Soft and then solid foods are slowly added back to your eating plan as you can tolerate them.

手术

If medication or lifestyle changes don’t help improve symptoms, surgery may be a consideration to help treat Crohn’s complications. Surgery options include:

  • Small bowel resection.Thisprocedure去除小肠的患病部分。
  • Large bowel resection（结肠切除术）。This切除手术removes the diseased section of your large intestine.
  • Total proctocolectomy.A总前期结肠切除术涉及去除结肠，直肠和肛门。在您的腹部进行回肠造口术或手术开口，其中佩戴了一个可支配袋以收集废物。
  • Strictureplasty.This procedure widens the stricture or narrowed section of your intestine.
关于手术

美国结肠和直肠外科医生学会clinical practice guidelinesnote that after Crohn’s disease diagnosis:

  • 16 percent of people will need surgery within a year
  • 33 percent will need surgery within 3 years
  • 47％的人需要在5年内进行手术
  • 多达35％的人需要在10年内重复排便

获得支持可以帮助您更好地应对克罗恩病的挑战和压力。

以下资源可能会帮助您获得所需的支持，并与处理相同问题并有类似问题的其他人建立联系。

Helpful resources

  • 克罗恩和结肠炎基金会。基金会提供了清单全国各地的支持小组并通过其支持提供支持：
  • IBD 雷竞技app官网Healthline。TheIBD 雷竞技app官网Healthlineapp offers one-on-one support and group advice from others living with irritable bowel disease (IBD).
  • mycrohnsandcolitisteam。MyCrohnsandColitisTeam是一个社交应用程序，可让您分享照片，虚拟拥抱和喜欢，评论和更新。您还可以分享和了解建议，以帮助您管理爆发并提高生活质量。

Although women are just as likely to develop Crohn’s disease as men, they may experience additional symptoms that may not always be associated with Crohn’s disease.

一些克罗恩的症状可能是女性独有的症状，包括痛苦或不规则的时期和性痛苦。其他症状可能包括：

  • anemia
  • 骨质疏松症
  • lower levels of fertility

如果您患有克罗恩病的症状，包括女性独有的症状，请务必与您的医生或医疗保健专业人员交谈。