胃肠瘘（GIF）是您消化道中的异常开口 causes gastric fluids to seep through the lining of your stomach or intestines. If you have a GIF, you’re more at risk for infection when these fluids leak into your skin or other organs.

GIF通常在腹部手术后发生，这是腹部手术。但是，如果您有慢性消化问题，您也有很高的开发瘘管的风险。

有several different causes of GIFs. They include:

Surgery complications

关于85–90 percentof GIFs develop after intra-abdominal surgery. You’re more likely to develop a fistula if you have:

  • cancer
  • radiation treatment to your abdomen
  • 一种bowel obstruction
  • surgical suture problems
  • incision site problems
  • 一个脓肿
  • 一种n infection
  • 一种hematoma, or blood clot under your skin
  • 肿瘤
  • malnutrition

Spontaneous GIF formation

A spontaneous GIF forms in about10-15％of cases, often as a result of things like inflammatory bowel disease, malignant tumors, or bowel infections likediverticulitis。

炎症性肠病疾病， 如克罗恩病，也可以引起GIF。多达40％的人患有克罗恩病的患者在他们生命中的某些时候开发了一个瘘管。

血管不足（血流量不足）是另一个原因。

Trauma

Physical trauma, such as gunshot or knife wounds that penetrate the abdomen, can also cause a GIF to develop.

外部瘘管会引起皮肤放电。他们伴有其他症状，including：

  • 一种bdominal pain
  • painful bowel obstruction
  • fever
  • 升高的白细胞计数

People who have internal fistulas may experience:

  • diarrhea
  • 直肠出血
  • 血液感染或败血症
  • 营养素吸收不佳和减肥
  • 脱水
  • worsening of the underlying disease

有fourmain types of GIFs:

  • 肠瘘。用这种形式的瘘管，胃液从肠道的一部分泄漏到折叠触摸的另一个部分。
  • 外毡瘘。This type of fistula occurs when gastric fluid leaks from your intestine to your other organs, such as your bladder, lungs, or vascular system.
  • 外瘘。在这种情况下，胃液通过皮肤泄漏。它也被称为“皮肤瘘”。
  • Complex fistula.这种类型的瘘管发生在一个以上的器官中。

GIF最严重的并发症是败血症，一种医疗紧急情况，身体对细菌的严重反应。这种情况可能导致危险的低血压，器官损伤和死亡。

由于手术或潜在的疾病通常导致GIF，这种情况本身可一种complication.

您的预防策略将取决于原因和瘘管的类型。当原因是严重疾病或伤害时，预防是立即治疗。

如果原因是另一个基本条件,上一页ention may be about finding the best treatment or management strategies for the condition itself.

现实是，在发展之前，您可能并不总是能够预测胃肠瘘。但是，您可以采取措施防止手术前的GIF。

In this case, doctors will likely 想 你在手术前吃健康，在适当的时间，服用药物以减少胃中的酸，服用抗生素作为预防手术感染，并在程序前清空胃。

另一个重要的预防策略正在立即治疗所有手术并发症。

Contact your doctor if youexperience任何这些症状：

  • 肠习惯的重大变化
  • unusual or severe weight loss
  • fever
  • 严重的腹泻
  • fluid leakage from an opening in your abdomen or near your anus
  • 不寻常的腹痛

There may be many causes for these symptoms. If your doctor doesn’t already suggest it, tell them if you’re at risk for a gastrointestinal fistula. If you have a history of inflammatory bowel problems, or you’ve recently had surgery, you’re at a higher risk.

您的医生将首先审查您的医疗和外科历史并评估您目前的症状。之后，他们可能做下列：

  • 运行血液测试。These will assess your serum electrolytes and nutritional status, whichmeasures白蛋白和预白蛋白水平。这些都是在伤口愈合中起重要作用的蛋白质。
  • Perform an upper and lower endoscopy.Your doctor may use this test to view possible problems in your digestive or gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope.
  • 执行上下肠X射线。This may include abarium swallow如果你的医生认为你可能有胃或肠瘘，或者barium enema如果你的医生认为你有冒号瘘。
  • 执行瘘管。This involves injecting a contrast dye into the opening of your skin in an external fistula and then taking X-ray images.

基于通过开口渗透到多少胃液的分类瘘管。低输出瘘管产生少于200 milliliters (mL)每天胃液。高输出瘘管每天产生约500毫升。

Fistulas close on their own when:

  • your infection is controlled
  • 你的身体吸收足够的营养素
  • your overall health is good
  • 只有少量的胃液通过开口来

医生会非本地对待大多数瘘管，因为70–90 percentof fistulas will close on their own within 5 weeks of treatment. Treatment focuses on keeping you well-nourished and preventing wound infection.

治疗可能include:

  • replenishing your fluids
  • correcting your blood serum electrolytes
  • 归一化酸和基础不平衡
  • 减少瘘管的流体输出
  • controlling infection and guarding against sepsis
  • protecting your skin and providing ongoing wound care

如果您在治疗3至6个月后没有改善，您的医生可能会推荐手术闭合瘘管。

fistulas独立关闭70–90 percent在没有手术的时间内，在那些健康的人中，当它们产生少量液体时。

GIFs most often develop after abdominal surgery or as a result of chronic digestive disorders. Talk with your doctor about your risks and how to spot symptoms of a developing fistula.