小口袋或小袋（称为憩室）有时会沿着大肠的衬里形成，也称为结肠。患有这种情况称为憩室病。

Some people may have this condition but never know it.

Did you know?

在西方人口：

  • 憩室症发生在大约10％of people over age 40.
  • Diverticulosis occurs in approximately50 percentof people over age 60.
  • The risk of developing diverticulosis increases with age and affects roughlytwo-thirds80岁以上的人。

但是有时候，您的小口袋coloncan become inflamed or infected. When these pockets become infected, it can cause a flare-up or attack known asdiverticulitis。

在治疗或缓解炎症之前，憩室炎可能会引起剧烈的疼痛以及其他症状。

Read on to learn the most common symptoms of diverticulitis, as well as the risk factors, how it’s diagnosed and treated, and steps you can take to prevent a flare-up.

每当您腹部突然疼痛时，都必须跟进医生。

应该随着突然疼痛,其他症状prompt you to see a doctor include:

  • 发烧和发冷
  • nausea
  • constipation or diarrhea

Diverticulitis symptoms can be similar to several other digestive conditions. A doctor will be able to do the necessary tests and procedures to rule out other causes and to give you an accurate diagnosis.

In many cases, diverticulosis doesn’t cause any troublesome symptoms. You may never know you have the condition until you have a结肠镜检查或者some type of imaging that reveals the bulging pouches in your colon.

However, if the pockets in your colon wall become inflamed and infected, it becomes diverticulitis. Some people refer to it as a diverticulitis attack or flare-up.

最常见的症状sharp, cramp-like pain in your lower abdomen. The pain may come on suddenly and persist for days without letting up.

通常，疼痛在下腹部的左侧。但是，它也可以发生在其腹部右下方。

Other symptoms of diverticulitis can include:

小口袋或小袋通常在结肠壁的衰弱区域发展。几个因素会导致这些口袋形成，例如增加气体，液体或废物的压力。

当这些口袋被废物阻塞时，细菌会产生肿胀和感染。这就是所谓的憩室炎。

It’s important to tell a doctor about all of your symptoms. This will help them eliminate other conditions and pinpoint the cause of your symptoms.

To start, a doctor will review your symptoms and your medical history. They’ll likely perform a physical exam, specifically checking the area of your abdomen that hurts.

If diverticulitis is suspected, the doctor may order aCT扫描。这种类型的成像测试可以帮助医生在结肠内看到并确定憩室及其严重性。

Other tests that may be ordered include:

  • blood and urine tests to look for infection
  • 肝酶测试以检查肝病
  • a stool test to check for infection in people with diarrhea
  • a怀孕测试消除怀孕作为原因

您的治疗将取决于您的症状是轻度还是严重。

医疗治疗

如果您的症状轻度，医生可能会通过以下方式治疗您的憩室炎：

  • 抗生素治疗感染
  • an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever such asacetaminophen（泰诺）
  • a liquid-only diet for a few days to help your colon heal

如果您的症状更为严重，或者您的健康状况还有其他健康状况，则可能需要住院，直到感染开始改善。在医院环境中，您的憩室炎可能会接受：

  • antibiotics that are given intravenously
  • 如果形成脓肿，则插入受影响区域的针头，需要排干

In severe cases,surgerymay be needed. This is typically the case when:

  • 抗生素无助于清除感染
  • 脓肿太大，无法用针排干
  • diverticulitis has caused anobstruction in your colon
  • 结肠壁已被脓肿或障碍物打孔

At-home treatments

If your diverticulitis is mild, a doctor may recommend aclear liquid dietfor a few days to give your colon time to heal. Don’t stay on a liquid diet longer than recommended by a doctor.

A clear liquid diet can include items such as:

  • tea or coffee without milk or cream
  • 汤
  • water, seltzer water, or flavored carbonated water
  • ice popsicles without chunks of fruit
  • 果汁没有果肉
  • 明胶

一旦症状开始改善，医生可能建议您开始添加低纤维食品按照您的日常食品计划，例如：

  • yogurt, milk, and cheese
  • cooked or canned fruits without the skin
  • eggs
  • fish
  • white rice and pasta
  • refined white bread

在尝试更换饮食之前，请务必与医生联系。

Genetics may play a role, which means if you have family members who have this condition, you may be more likely to get it too. But there are other factors that may increase your risk of developing diverticulitis.

一些最常见的风险因素包括：

  • Age:随着年龄的增长，患憩室炎的风险会增加。
  • Smoking:香烟和其他烟草产品中的尼古丁和化学物质会削弱结肠的衬里。
  • Not drinking enough water:如果您的脱水，您的身体会在消化方面遇到困难，并且浪费可能不会轻易穿过您的结肠。
  • 药物：Some drugs such asnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and steroids may weaken or irritate the colon wall.
  • Lack of exercise:Working out regularly seems to decrease the odds of developing diverticulitis.
  • 超重：额外的体重会给您的结肠带来更大的压力。
  • Straining during a bowel movement:This can put extra pressure on the wall of the colon.

Although some of the risk factors for diverticulitis are out of your control, there are some steps you can take to lower your chances of developing this condition, such as:

  • 吃高纤维饮食：Try to limit red meat, full fat dairy, fried foods, and refined grains. Instead, eat more whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds.
  • Drinking plenty of water:Try to drink at least eight glasses of fluids a day. Beingwell hydratedcan help prevent constipation and keep your digestive tract working properly.
  • 定期锻炼：Being active can help promote healthy bowel function.
  • Keeping your weight in a moderate range:Having a moderate weight can help reduce the pressure on your colon.
  • Avoiding smoking:Smoking can cause changes in all parts of your body and can have harmful effects on your digestive system too.
  • Limiting alcohol use:Drinking too much alcohol may disrupt the balance of good bacteria in your colon.
  • Using a stool softener:If you often strain during bowel movements, an OTC stool softener may help reduce the pressure on your colon.

随着年龄的增长，结肠墙会变得较弱。这可能会导致小口袋或小袋在结肠的衰弱区域形成。如果这些小袋被感染，它可能会引起憩室炎的攻击或爆发。

The most common symptom of diverticulitis is a sharp cramp-like pain, usually on the left side of your lower abdomen. Other symptoms can include fever and chills, nausea, vomiting, and constipation or diarrhea.

If you think you may have symptoms of diverticulitis, it’s important that you follow up with a doctor to prevent it from becoming more severe.

Diverticulitis can be a painful and uncomfortable condition, but with the right treatment and preventive measures, it can be well controlled.