胰腺癌是癌症pancreas，，，，an organ that sits behind your stomach. Your pancreas helps your body digest food and regulate blood sugar.

如果你的pancreatic canceris deemed inoperable, it means that doctors can’t remove the cancer surgically. Surgery may not be an option because the cancer has spread to other areas in your body or it’s in a problematic location, such as nearby blood vessels.

一个ccording to the 国家癌症研究所（NCI） ,大约58000美国人可能收到胰腺癌cancer diagnosis in 2020.

However,only 15 to 20 percentof people with pancreatic cancer are candidates for surgery, althoughthose numbers are increasing。

Read on to learn more about three types of inoperable pancreatic cancer and which treatments are available.

Your doctor might say your condition is inoperable if the cancer has metastasized. This means your tumor has spread to other parts of your body, and as a result, it can’t be removed by surgery.

胰腺癌通常扩散到liver。此外，其他器官，例如肺部，bones和大脑可能受到影响。

如果你的cancer has spread to other organs, your doctor might label it asstage 4。

局部先进的肿瘤是尚未传播到其他器官但仍无法通过手术去除的肿瘤。很多时候，癌症无法脱离，因为它离主要的血管太近了。

化学疗法and sometimesradiation therapymay be recommended to help manage your disease. If your disease responds to treatment and does not spread throughout the body, you may be considered for surgical intervention.

如果你的cancer comes back during or after treatment, it’s known as recurring cancer. Sometimes recurring cancer can’t be operated on because it’s spread to other organs. For instance, when pancreatic cancer recurs, it commonly crops up in the liver first.

Your treatment options will depend on how much your cancer has spread and your overall health.

胰腺癌经常在疾病更晚期时被诊断出来，因为它不会早期引起症状。当一个人注意到症状，，，，the cancer may have already spread outside the pancreas.

Some tests that can spot pancreatic cancer include:

  • Imaging tests.CT scans，，，，MRIs，，，，ultrasounds，，，，andPET扫描are all used to help doctors see the cancer inside your body. Some of these tests involve first receiving an injection of an intravenous (IV) contrast, so doctors can see more of what’s going on.
  • Endoscopic ultrasound.With this procedure, your doctor will pass a thin tube down youresophagusand into your stomach to take images of your pancreas.了解有关内窥镜检查的更多信息。
  • Biopsy.有时，您的医生可能会从胰腺上拿一小块纸巾在显微镜下检查。一个biopsy可以使用针或内窥镜超声检查进行。
  • Blood tests.您的医生可能会使用血液检查测量liver function，，，，certain hormone levels，或某些蛋白质，例如癌症抗原（CA）19-9。胰腺肿瘤细胞释放CA 19-9。但是，血液检查并不总是可靠的。

These tests can help your doctor determine whether you’re a candidate for surgery. In some cases, the tests won’t reveal cancer that’s spread, and your doctor might find it when they begin to operate on you.

尽管手术不是无法手术胰腺癌的选择，但仍有几种可用的治疗方法。有些旨在攻击癌症，而另一些则用于治疗您的症状。

化学疗法

化学疗法使用特殊药物杀死癌细胞，可以作为注射剂或口服药丸递送。吉西他滨（Gemzar）是可以用于胰腺癌的化学疗法药物的一个例子。

在无法手术胰腺癌的人中，化学疗法通常用于控制癌症的生长并改善其生存机会。有时，给出不同的化学疗法组合。

Here are seven helpful things to know about starting chemotherapy.

辐射

辐射使用高能束杀死癌细胞。有时与化学疗法一起进行。

一些医疗中心提供更新的radiothe形式rapy that target tumors more precisely. Examples include网络刀andNanoKnife。

Targeted therapies

这些疗法通过靶向癌细胞内的特定异常来干扰癌细胞的生长。

食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了靶向治疗药物Erlotinib（Tarceva）治疗胰腺癌。

患有晚期胰腺癌的人可以与吉西他滨（Gemzar，Infugem）结合使用Erlotinib处方。吉西他滨是一种传统的化学疗法药物。

Other targeted therapy drugs that may be used to treat pancreatic cancer include:

  • 拉特基替尼（vitrakvi）
  • entrectinib (Rozlytrek)
  • pembrolizumab (Keytruda）

LAROTROTECTINIB和ENTRECTINIB获得FDA的批准，以治疗由称为NTRK基因融合的遗传突变引起的所有实体瘤，无论肿瘤的位置如何。

Pembrolizumab is FDA approved to treat solid tumors that have certain biomarkers and can’t be removed by surgery. These tumors are known as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors.

MSI-H and dMMR tumors both have a lot of mutations within their DNA.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy treatments are given to prompt your immune system to fight the cancer in your body. Immunotherapy is also known as biological therapy.

Immunotherapy’s ability to treat pancreatic cancer tumors is being studied, and it can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy.

The targeted therapy drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is also an immunotherapy treatment.

其他程序

Some procedures can help control specific symptoms. For example, your doctor might recommend inserting a small支架in your body to relieve symptoms of ablocked bile duct， 如jaundice，恶心或呕吐。

Clinical trialsare available to test novel treatments for inoperable pancreatic cancer. Being involved in a clinical trial could give you access to new therapies that you might not otherwise be given.

Talk to your doctor if you think you’d like to participate in a clinical trial. You can also visitClinicaltrials.gov在您所在地区寻找学习。

在讨论您的时outlook，，，，your doctor might give you information on 5-year survival rates. This refers to the percentage of people who live at least 5 years after being diagnosed.

一个ccording to the 国家癌症研究所（NCI） ，患有胰腺癌的人转移了胰腺癌，并且在2010年至2016年之间被诊断出 - 5年生存率约为2.9％。

通常，胰腺癌具有死亡率最高of all major cancers. 百分之十 of people diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 will survive more than 5 years.

患有胰腺癌的人通常可以接受手术的时间比那些没有胰腺癌的人更长。虽然生存的最佳希望是手术切除癌症，但对于许多人来说，这不是一个选择。这就是为什么可以治疗可帮助您管理症状的原因。

重要的是要记住生存率是基于人群级别的数据。他们不会告诉您在您的具体情况下会发生什么。

一个s newer ways to detect and treat pancreatic cancer are being discovered, these statistics may change in the future.