流感季节每年都会发生在秋末和初春之间，通常在一月或二月达到顶峰。
无法完全保证您的安全流感, but there are strategies to help prevent the spread of the virus. This is especially critical this year with the ongoingCOVID-19 pandemic。
有五种避免感染流感的基本策略。
Get a flu shot
流感疫苗并不是100％有效的，但对于6个月以上的人来说，它仍然是最简单，最可靠的流感方法。
The flu shotcan be easily scheduled with your doctor or at local pharmacies and health centers. It’s now available at many drugstores and grocery store clinics without appointment.
Some of the usual places you might find flu shots, such as offices and schools, may be closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
There are a number of special flu vaccines as well. They include a high-dose vaccine for those over 65 and a nasal spray for certain people between the ages of 2 and 50 who aren’t pregnant.
Other factors may prevent you from getting the nasal vaccine, such as cochlear implants, asthma, allergies, and the use of other antivirals.
Here is the
If you’re severely allergic to eggs or mercury or you’ve had an allergic reaction to flu vaccine in the past, you should consult a doctor before getting vaccinated.
For the majority of the population, scheduling a flu shot may be just what it takes to make it through this critical year healthy and happy. Aim to get the shot inSeptember or October。
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
Now more than ever,good hygieneis essential to protect yourself from the flu and other contagious diseases like COVID-19. More than any other part of your body, your hands come into contact with:
- the environment
- your surroundings
- germs
Your hands also interact with the passageways into your body, including your:
- eyes
- nose
- 嘴
- 耳朵
You risk picking up germs when you touch surfaces in public settings, such as:
- your offices and schools
- public transportation and air travel
- public spaces like parks and stores
- 聚会和活动等大型聚会
为了帮助降低流感或任何其他感染性感染的风险，每天要彻底洗几次，至关重要。把这些清洗一下：
- after coming in contact with questionable surfaces
- after using the restroom
- before touching your mouth or face
- before eating
The Mayo Clinic recommends thorough and frequent hand washing to prevent common infections. They recommend alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water aren’t available.
避免触摸你的眼睛，嘴和鼻子
您可能已经定期洗手了，但是一天中的每一分钟都不会干净。因此，重要的是要避免接触最容易吸收细菌的身体部位。
这些区域包括我们眼睛，嘴和鼻子中的液体。
咬指甲的人比大多数人更容易摄入细菌。指甲比特斯需要记住这个重要的预防技巧：avoid biting your nailswhile in public places.
避免人群
While many of us are already self-quarantining during the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s also helpful to isolate yourself as much as possible if you suspect you have the flu.
During any flu season, it’s wise to avoid unnecessary crowds and excessive travel. Both scenarios confine you in close, sometimes unventilated areas with many other people. Places that present the highest risk for flu infection are those with higher numbers of children or the elderly.
如果您必须在流感高峰季节去拥挤的地方，请确保努力地练习良好的卫生。采取以下措施：
- Wear a face covering while COVID-19 is still a factor.
- Covid-19受到控制后，如果您患有流感症状，请继续戴脸部覆盖。
- Carry hand sanitizer.
- 距离打喷嚏的邻居保持距离。
- Avoid excessive contact with your mouth.
- Use a disinfecting wipe to disinfect surfaces you touch, such as armrests and grocery store carts.
消毒污染的表面
You may think you’re free from the dangers of influenza exposure in the safety of your own home, but this isn’t true. Unlike other visitors, germs don’t knock on your front door.
High-touch areas like countertops, especially those in the kitchen and bathroom, are teeming with germs. These are also settings where we’re most in contact with our mouths, noses, and genitalia.
如果您在受污染的表面上准备小吃，那么您很可能会摄取这些细菌。儿童接触的任何物体都应进行消毒，包括：
- 玩具
- faucets
- floors
- door handles
If you do become exposed to influenza, it usually lasts about 7 to 10 days.症状可能包括：
- coughing
- 打喷嚏
- 头痛
- 发烧
- 发冷
- 疲劳
Flu symptoms can overlap with a number of other respiratory infections, including COVID-19.
如果您遇到这些症状中的任何一种，请确保自我分解，戴口罩并在等待测试结果时练习良好的卫生。
There’s no cure for the flu, but you can采取措施减少不适并感觉更好。
Get extra rest
在与任何疾病作斗争时，休息很重要。休息还可以使您在室内保持，并阻止您将疾病传播给其他人。它还可以帮助您的身体更快地恢复。
生病在身体和精神上筋疲力尽。睡觉或躺下是恢复的必要步骤。
Drink plenty of fluids
A high fever causes the body to sweat and lose vital fluids. This can quickly lead to dehydration. Drinking liquids replaces lost fluids and helps flush out mucus and toxins.
Liquids can help soothe a scratchy and irritated throat. Hot tea with lemon and honey is a good choice. Other good options are:
- water
- 果汁
- 电解质增强体育饮料
- soup
通常,猪流感reduces appetite and makes it hard to consume food. Food gives our bodies energy to recover. Enriched juices and soups provide the body with necessary nutrients and calories.
尝试非处方药
为了缓解身体疼痛和头痛，请服用非处方药（OTC）药物，例如对乙酰氨基酚（tylenol）或布洛芬（Advil，Motrin）。
Don’t give aspirin to children or teens, as they’re at risk for aspirin-relatedReye’s syndrome，一种罕见但有时是致命的疾病。
Be careful when administering drugs to babies. Read the directions carefully and talk to your pediatrician if you have any questions.
Children under 5 years old, especially those 2 and under, and people with chronic health problems, such as asthma or diabetes, are at higher risk for developingflu-related complications。这就是为什么6个月以上的儿童接受流感疫苗特别重要的原因。
Cough drops and cough medicine can also be taken to ease a sore throat and calm coughing. A simple gargle with warm salt water can also help.
也有许多OTC充足者可以帮助胸部或鼻塞。如果您有任何疑问，请仔细阅读标签，并与药剂师交谈。
bath
If your fever is high and uncomfortable, sponge off or immerse your body in lukewarm water to help reduce fever. Ice or cold water should be avoided, but lukewarm water may help alleviate discomfort.
呼吸潮湿的空气也可能有助于清除鼻子。
Avoid spreading the flu
出现症状后，您可能会传达长达5天或更长时间的传染性。竭尽所能保护他人。最好在经历症状时避免上学和工作环境。
Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze, and wash your hands immediately afterward. This is an important way to avoid spreading germs to those around you.
请注意，对流感和其他疾病（例如Covid-19）具有传染性的时间表可能有所不同。咨询您的医生具体准则on COVID-19.
You’ll want a test to discount COVID-19 as the cause of your symptoms and determine that it’s the flu.
After that, talk with your doctor if you find that home remedies don’t ease your symptoms or if you need to continue medication for longer than a week.
Flu symptoms usually subside within 1 to 2 weeks. Contact your doctor if your symptoms:
- 持续超过2周
- get worse
- 突然似乎有所改善，然后随着症状恶化而恢复
这些可能是flu-related complications。The following groups of people are at higher risk for flu-related complications and should consider calling their doctor if they contract the flu:
- people 65 and over
- children younger than 5 years
- 怀孕的女人
- people with weakened immune systems due to a chronic condition or the use of certain medications, such as steroids or cancer drugs
根据疾病预防控制中心，肺炎是流感最严重的并发症之一。这也是最危险的。对于某些人来说，这可能是致命的。
流感的并发症可能会威胁生命，尤其是今年。不要抓住任何机会。如果出现并发症，请立即与您的医生联系。
Your primary defense against the flu and any other contagious disease is good hygiene. Practiced alone, the hygiene tips listed here may not be entirely effective in helping you avoid influenza.
When performed in conjunction with a flu vaccine, they’re the best way to avoid the virus.