Flu complication facts

这flu, caused by an influenza virus, is relatively common. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that the seasonal flu affects about 8 percent of Americans each year.

许多人可以用足够的休息和液体对抗流感症状。然而，某些高风险群体可能具有危险性甚至危及生命的并发症。

CDC估计 3,000 and 49,000 美国人民每年从流感中死亡。也就是说，2017-2018流感季节在美国有异常大量的死亡人数： 79,000 。

这 世界卫生组织 估计，在全球范围内，在每年从流感并发症中死亡290,000至650,000人。

During the 2017-2018流感季节 ，超过4900万人获得流感，近100万人在美国住院。

Certain groups are at higher risk of the flu. According to the CDC 那these groups should receive first priority when there is a shortage of flu vaccine. Risk factors include age, ethnicity, existing conditions, and other factors.

增加风险的年龄群体包括：

  • children younger than 5 years
  • 儿童和青少年比18岁以下的人服用阿司匹林或含水杨酸盐的药物
  • people who are 65 years or older

Ethnic groups who have higher risk include:

  • 美洲土著
  • Alaskan Natives

People with any of the following conditions are also at higher risk of flu complications:

  • 哮喘
  • 心脏和肺部条件
  • chronic endocrine disorders, such as diabetes mellitus
  • chronic health conditions affecting the kidneys and liver
  • chronic neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as epilepsy, stroke, and cerebral palsy
  • 慢性血液疾病，如镰状细胞贫血
  • 慢性代谢障碍

Other people who are at increased risk include:

  • 免疫系统弱化的人，由于疾病（如癌症，艾滋病毒，艾滋病或艾滋病）或长期类固醇药物使用
  • women who are pregnant
  • morbidly obese people with a体重指数（BMI）40或更高

这se groups should monitor their flu symptoms closely. They should also seek immediate medical care at the first sign of complications. These often appear just as main flu symptoms like fever and fatigue start to go away.

Older adults

65岁或以上的人是流感中并发症和死亡的最大风险。CDC估计这些人弥补了 54 to 70 percent 流感相关的医院访问。

他们也占flu-rela的85%到71ted deaths, which is why it’s so important for older adults to receive a flu shot.

这Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approvedFluzone Hi-Dose是65岁或以上的人的较高剂量疫苗。

Fluzone Hi-De含量含有四倍的抗原作为正常流感疫苗的量。抗原刺激免疫系统生产抗体，这些抗体对抗流感病毒。

Another flu vaccine option for older adults is called FLUAD. It contains a substance for stimulating a stronger immune response.

肺炎is an infection of the lungs that causes the alveoli to become inflamed. This causes symptoms such as cough, fever, shaking, and chills.

肺炎can develop and become a serious complication of the flu. It can be especially dangerous and even deadly for people in high-risk groups.

Seek medical treatment immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:

  • severe cough with large amounts of mucus
  • trouble breathing
  • shortness of breath
  • severe chills or sweating
  • fever higher than 102°F (38.9°C) that’s not going away, especially if you also have chills or sweating
  • chest pains

肺炎is highly treatable, often with simple home remedies such as sleep and plenty of warm fluids. However, smokers, older adults, and people with heart or lung problems are especially prone to pneumonia-related complications. Pneumonia-related complications include:

This complication is caused by irritation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi in the lungs.

支气管炎的症状包括：

  • cough (often with mucus)
  • 胸部紧迫感
  • fatigue
  • mild fever
  • chills

Most often, simple remedies are all that’s needed to treat bronchitis. These include:

  • resting
  • 喝大量的液体
  • 使用加湿器
  • taking over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications

尽管如此，您应该与医生联系，如果咳嗽超过100.4°F（38°C）。如果您的咳嗽有任何以下内容，您还应该拨打电话：

  • 持续超过三周
  • interrupts your sleep
  • produces mucus of a strange color
  • produces blood

未经处理的，慢性支气管炎可导致更严重的病症，包括肺炎，气肿那heart failure那and肺动脉高压。

Sinusitisis the swelling of the sinuses. Symptoms include:

  • nasal congestion
  • sore throat
  • postnasal drip
  • 鼻窦，上颌和牙齿的疼痛
  • 减少的气味或味道
  • cough

鼻窦炎通常可以用OTC盐水喷雾，减料和止痛药治疗。您的医生还可以提示鼻腔皮质类固醇，如氟碳酮（氟酶）或米多酮（鼻塞），以减少炎症。这两者都可以在柜台或处方使用。

Symptoms that call for immediate medical attention include:

  • 眼睛附近的疼痛或肿胀
  • swollen forehead
  • severe headache
  • 心理混乱
  • 视觉变化，例如看到双倍
  • 呼吸困难
  • 颈部僵硬

这些可能是鼻窦炎的迹象恶化或传播。

Better known as an ear infection,otitis mediacauses inflammation and swelling of the middle ear. Symptoms include:

  • chills
  • fever
  • 听力损失
  • ear drainage
  • vomiting
  • 情绪变化

耳痛或出院的成年人应该尽快去看医生。如果是：

  • symptoms last longer than a day
  • 耳痛是极端的
  • ear discharge appears
  • 他们没有睡觉
  • they are moodier than usual

脑炎is a rare condition occurs when a flu virus enters the brain tissue and causes inflammation of the brain. This can lead to destroyed nerve cells, bleeding in the brain, and brain damage.

症状包括：

  • severe headache
  • high fever
  • vomiting
  • light sensitivity
  • drowsiness
  • clumsiness

虽然罕见，这种情况也可能导致震颤和运动困难。

Seek immediate medical care if you have any of the following symptoms:

  • severe headache or fever
  • 心理混乱
  • 幻觉
  • severe mood changes
  • 缉获
  • 麻痹
  • double vision
  • speech or hearing problems

幼儿脑炎的症状包括：

  • protrusions in the soft spots on an infant’s skull
  • body stiffness
  • 无法控制的哭泣
  • crying that gets worse when the child is picked up
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea and vomiting

Most flu symptoms resolve within one to two weeks. If your flu symptoms worsen or do not subside after two weeks, contact your doctor.

每年流感疫苗是流感相关并发症风险高风险的最佳预防措施。良好的卫生，常规洗涤和避免或限制接触感染的人也可以帮助防止流感的传播。

Early treatment is also key to successful treatment of complications. Most of the complications mentioned respond well to treatment. That said, many can become more serious without proper treatment.