概述

Paget’s disease of the breast, also called Paget’s disease of the nipple, is a rare type of breast cancer.

症状与其他类型的乳腺癌不同。Paget的细胞可以在乳头和乳晕的皮肤表面上找到。

这种类型的乳腺癌的确切原因尚不清楚。一 common theory is that cells from a tumor migrate through the milk ducts to reach the nipple and areola. Some people who develop Paget’s disease of the breast don’t have breast tumors, however.

Keep reading and find out how to identify Paget’s disease of the breast and why diagnosis isoften延迟。

对于许多类型的乳腺癌，第一种症状是乳房的肿块。Learn what a breast cancer lump feels like.

在Paget的乳房疾病中，您可能会首先注意到另一个迹象。它涉及您乳房的乳头和乳晕，您可能拥有：

  • 发红
  • 剥落，结皮或缩放
  • 刺痛或瘙痒的感觉

将这些症状误认为很容易湿疹,皮炎, or some other skin condition. Paget’s disease of the breast is usually found on only one breast, and it won’t respond to topical treatments.

这是其他一些线索，这些线索不仅仅是皮肤状况：

  • thickening skin on or near your nipple
  • flattening of your nipple
  • yellowish or bloodydischarge from your nipple
  • increasing breast sensitivity, soreness, and pain

如果您有任何这些体征和症状，请尽快去看医生。

最正确患病率和发病率of Paget’s disease of the breast in the general population isn’t known. We do know that it represents a small portion of all breast cancers, and it’s seen in between 1 and 4 percent of breast cancer cases.

有些因素可能会增加您患乳腺癌的风险：

  • 你是50岁以上的女人。
  • 您有乳腺癌或其他乳房异常的病史。
  • 您有乳腺癌或卵巢癌的近亲。
  • You carry mutations of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.
  • You have致密的乳房组织.
  • You’ve had previous radiation treatment to your chest.
  • You’re overweight, especially after menopause.
  • You take激素替代疗法.
  • 您定期喝很多酒。

风险因素specific to Paget’s disease of the breast aren’t clear.

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination. Your doctor will observe the appearance of your breasts, especially around the nipples, and check for lumps or unusual thickening.

您的医生可能还会下令诊断性乳房X线照片寻找乳腺癌的迹象。如果有什么不寻常或不清楚的情况，则可能是超声波或MRI扫描。这些详细的图像可以帮助查明关注的领域。请参阅乳房X光图图像的示例。

确认乳腺癌的唯一方法是biopsy. This is a procedure in which a needle is used to obtain a small sample of breast tissue from a nipple, areola, or tumor. The sample is then sent to a pathologist who will use a microscope to look for cancer cells.

The large, round appearance of Paget’s cells can confirm the disease. The biopsy can also provide other important details, such as:

您的肿瘤科医生将提出一项治疗计划，以考虑许多因素，例如：

  • 乳腺肿瘤的大小和成绩，如果有的话
  • 如果癌症已经扩散（阶段）
  • 人力资源和HER2状态
  • 如果您过去曾接受过癌症治疗
  • your age and general state of health

Thetype of surgeryyou have depends on the number and location of tumors, and the relative size of your breast. In breast-conserving surgery, the nipple and areola are removed. This may be a viable option if you don’t have breast tumors.

If you do have breast tumors, removing the whole breast (mastectomy) may be recommended. In this case, your surgeon might also want to biopsy your sentinel lymph nodes to see if the cancer has spread. If so, more extensive lymph node surgery may be necessary.

手术可能是放射治疗to target any cancer cells that were missed. Powerful化学疗法不管它们在您体内旅行的地方，都可以使用药物来寻找和破坏癌细胞。

如果你的肿瘤HR-positive或积极的为那xpression of the HER2 protein, you may be able to take advantage of additional targeted treatments.

Breast cancer treatment usually consists of a combination of therapies.

一potential complication of this type of breast cancer is that symptoms can be easily dismissed or misdiagnosed, delaying treatment. Cancer is easier to treat in its early stages.

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone treatments can lead to a variety of temporary complications such as pain, fatigue, and skin irritation.

Breast cancer treatment canincrease你的长期风险的variety of conditions, such as:

  • lymphedema，由于去除淋巴结
  • 由于化疗或放射治疗，其他癌症的风险增加
  • 更年期or infertility, caused by chemotherapy or hormone treatments

您的前景取决于许多因素，例如：

  • whether you have a tumor and if it’s invasive or noninvasive
  • tumor grade and stage at diagnosis
  • 人力资源和HER2状态
  • 其他健康状况
  • 您对治疗的反应如何

If you have Paget’s disease of the breast but no tumors or lymph node involvement, your prognosis is excellent . The survival rate may be 减少 如果癌症是侵入性的，并且已经扩散到淋巴结。

考虑到您的完整医疗概况，您的医生可以使您了解您的个人预后。