Food sensitivities and intolerances are common problems that can be difficult to diagnose.

While salicylate sensitivity, also known as salicylate intolerance, is not as common as gluten or lactose intolerance, it’s a real issue for some people.

Salicylates are compounds found in foods, medications, and other products that can cause adverse reactions in those who cannot tolerate them ( 1 ).

对这些化合物的敏感性与多种症状有关，因此很难识别。

This article explains the causes and symptoms of salicylate sensitivity, including which foods to avoid.

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Salicylates are a group of chemicals derived from salicylic acid.

它们自然是在某些食物中发现的，并用于用于阿司匹林，牙膏和食品防腐剂等产品。

Both natural and synthetic forms can cause adverse reactions in some people.

计划ts produce natural salicylates to defend against harmful elements like insects, fungus, and disease ( 2 ).

Natural salicylates are found in a wide array of foods, including fruits, vegetables, coffee, teas, nuts, spices, and honey.

Meanwhile, the synthetic form is commonly used as a food preservative and found in medications like aspirin and Pepto-Bismol.

与食物相比，阿司匹林等药物含有大量的水杨酸盐，这就是为什么水杨酸不耐受与药物最常见的原因。

例如，dietary intake of salicylates is usually 10–200 mg per day. Comparatively, a single dose of aspirin can contain 325–650 mg of salicylates, depending on the type ( 1 ).

概括

Salicylates are chemicals found naturally in certain foods and manufactured for use in medications and other products.

尽管食用过量的水杨酸盐会导致任何人的不良反应，但大多数人可以每天安全地食用富含食物，或者不时服用几次阿司匹林。

However, those with a sensitivity to salicylates may experience side effects when they consume a food or use a product that contains even small amounts of these chemicals.

这些人的适当代谢和排泄水杨酸盐的能力降低。

Salicylate sensitivity is thought to be caused by an overproduction of leukotrienes — inflammatory mediators that have been linked to a variety of conditions, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, rheumatoid arthritis, and interstitial lung diseases ( 3 ).

This overproduction is caused by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme that regulates the production of leukotrienes ( 1 ).

体内白细胞的积累会导致与水杨酸酯不耐受有关的症状。

Although the percentage of people who have a salicylate intolerance is unknown, it is more common in adults who have asthma ( 4 ).

In fact, it’s estimated that 2–22% of adults with asthma are sensitive to these compounds ( 5 ).

Research also suggests that people with food allergies and inflammatory bowel disease are more likely to have this intolerance ( 6 ).

概括

People with salicylate intolerance cannot consume even small amounts of these chemicals without experiencing negative side effects.

Salicylate sensitivity can cause varied symptoms that mimic those of allergies and other illnesses.

更重要的是，有些人只有在无关过敏的情况下才会出现症状，这使得水杨酸酸盐的敏感性很难诊断。

The most common symptoms involve the respiratory tract. However, the skin and intestinal tract may also be affected.

Symptoms include ( 7 ):

  • stuffy nose
  • sinus infection and inflammation
  • nasal and sinus polyps
  • asthma
  • 腹泻
  • gas
  • 腹痛
  • 肠道炎症（结肠炎）
  • hives
  • 组织肿胀

但是，请记住，症状会因人而异。

触发反应的水杨酸量可能会有所不同，具体取决于个人分解它们的能力。

Therefore, some people experience symptoms after being exposed to a small amount of these chemicals, while others can tolerate larger amounts before they have a reaction.

概括

Salicylate sensitivity is linked to a variety of symptoms, including stuffy nose, asthma, diarrhea, and hives. It can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms can vary from person to person.

A number of foods contain salicylates.

Fruits, vegetables, and spices tend to contain the largest amounts, though salicylates are found in other foods as well.

The salicylate level of a food can vary based on a number of factors, including growing conditions, preparation, and level of ripeness.

例如，干果contain larger amounts than raw fruits as a result of the removal of water during processing.

Foods highest in salicylates include ( 8 ):

  • Fruits:葡萄干，李子，杏子，黑莓，蓝莓，樱桃，蔓越莓，葡萄，菠萝，李子，橘子，橘子，橘子，草莓和番石榴
  • 蔬菜：broccoli, cucumbers, okra, chicory, endive, radishes, zucchini, watercress, alfalfa sprouts, eggplant, squash, sweet potato, spinach, artichokes, and broad beans
  • Spices:咖喱，茴香，辣椒，莳萝，姜，五香粉，肉桂，丁香，芥末，茴香，牛至
  • Other sources:茶,朗姆酒,wine, cordials, vinegar, gravies, mints, almonds, water chestnuts, honey, licorice, jam, chewing gum, pickles, olives, food colorings, aloe vera, savory-flavored chips and crackers, and fruit flavorings

This list is not exhaustive, as there are many other food sources of these compounds.

Salicylates are also found in a number of non-food products, including:

  • 薄荷味的牙膏
  • perfumes
  • shampoos and conditioners
  • mouthwash
  • lotions
  • medications

此外，可以通过皮肤吸收水杨酸盐，因此那些不耐受的人应该知道乳液，清洁剂和香水中的成分（ 9 ).

The most potent sources are aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen ( 9 ).

概括

Salicylates are found in a number of foods, as well as in non-food products like toothpaste and medications.

尽管已经建立了像阿司匹林这样的药物不耐症，但缺乏研究探索水杨酸盐对食品的不耐受的研究。目前，没有实验室测试来诊断它。但是，可以使用某些测试来排除过敏。

The standard test for salicylate intolerance to medications is exposure or provocation, which involves administering a small amount of salicylic acid and monitoring for symptoms.

Only healthcare professionals should administer this test, as serious reactions can occur.

People who have a known intolerance to aspirin and other medications that contain salicylates should avoid these medications.

However, having a diagnosed sensitivity to aspirin and other medications high in salicylates doesn’t necessarily mean you need to avoid salicylate-rich foods.

This is because medications such as aspirin contain much larger amounts of salicylates than foods do, and an intolerance is usually dose-dependent.

尽管如此，对水杨酸盐极为敏感的人可能会受益于限制含有这些化合物的食物的摄入量。

A detailed medical history, including a food and symptom diary, is the best indicator a healthcare professional can use to diagnose a salicylate intolerance.

如果医疗保健专业人员怀疑不宽容，排除饮食不包括富含水杨酸盐的食物通常是选择的治疗选择。

概括

为了诊断不容忍水杨酸盐，医疗保健专业人员通常会详细介绍饮食和相关症状。对饮食水杨酸盐非常敏感的人可能需要在医生或注册营养师的指导下进行水杨酸酯限制饮食。

There is no reason to avoid salicylates unless you suspect that you have an intolerance to them or a healthcare professional recommends that you do so.

A low salicylate diet can be restrictive. Moreover, unnecessarily cutting out foods that are rich in these compounds can be detrimental to your health.

实际上，水杨酸盐是抗炎的。事实证明，其中高食物可以降低炎性疾病（例如结直肠癌）的风险（ 2 ).

Also, the fruits, vegetables, and spices that are high in these compounds are beneficial for health and contain loads of vitamins, minerals, and potent plant compounds that help keep you healthy ( 10 , 11 , 12 ).

但是，食用水杨酸含量丰富的食物后经历症状的人应该考虑避免这种症状。

因为杜绝通常剂量相关性和年代o many foods contain these compounds, restricting only the foods that contain the largest amounts is your best bet.

Research on salicylate-restricted diets is very limited, so their long-term effects are unknown.

在一项研究中，服用水杨酸饮食的74名儿童经历了营养缺乏和食物厌恶（ 13 ).

因此，应由医疗保健专业人员监测水杨酸限制的消除饮食。

概括

Only those who are very sensitive to salicylates need to follow a salicylate-restricted diet. Foods rich in these compounds have many health benefits and should not be cut out of your diet unless a healthcare professional suspects you have an intolerance.

Salicylates are a natural component of many foods and are found in many medications and other non-food items.

While most people can tolerate these compounds, some are extremely sensitive to them.

具有水杨酸酯敏感性的人可能需要避免食品，药物和其他水杨酸盐中最高的食物。

More research on salicylate intolerance is necessary, and the long-term effects of a salicylate-restricted diet are unknown.

Salicylates are found in countless foods and products, so complete avoidance is difficult.

Because it has a wide range of symptoms, salicylate intolerance is often difficult to diagnose, and treatment options are limited at this time.

如果您认为自己可能对水杨酸盐敏感，请与医疗保健专业人员交谈，以确保适当的诊断和治疗。