Missing teeth can throw your bite out of alignment, altering your facial shape. They can also make you self-conscious about your smile.
If you choose to replace missing teeth, your dentist may recommend artificial teeth that are attached in or near the jawbone with a dental implant.
牙科植入物是人造牙根,可以手术放入颚骨中。在几个月的过程中,植入物周围的骨骼将其牢固地固定在适当的位置。然后,用金属连接器连接到植入物,填充间隙。
There are two major types of dental implants:
内传(在骨头)
内传implants are the most common type of dental implant.
They usually resemble small screws. Endosteal implants are made from body-safe materials, such as titanium.
内骨植入物被外科手术插入深处,它们取代牙根。一种植入物可用于固定一颗或几个牙齿。
下骨(在骨头上)
如果没有足够的健康颚骨来支撑内膜植入物,则使用这种植入物。
Subperiosteal implants are inserted under the gum but aren’t drilled into the jawbone. They are placed above or on the bone, rather than in it.
牙科植入程序需要在大约3到9个月的时间内进行多个步骤。在治疗完成之前,您可能需要几种类型的牙科专家,包括牙周医生和口腔外科医生。
Evaluation
The first step will be getting your teeth, gums, and jawbone evaluated. An important part of this initial assessment is determining whether you have enough healthy jawbone to maintain the implant.
如果您的Jawbone太薄或太软,则在开始牙科植入过程之前,可能会建议使用骨移植或其他程序。您的牙龈也必须没有periodontal disease.
进行牙科植入物以替换一个或多个牙齿。您希望更换的牙齿数将确定您可以期望的过程的类型和范围。
牙科植入手术通常是门诊手术。它可以在局部麻醉,静脉镇静或全身麻醉下进行。您的专家会提前通知您需要哪种类型的麻醉。
放置植入物
如果您有内膜植入物:
- 口腔外科医生会切割牙龈,暴露在下面的颚骨。
- 孔将在骨头深处钻孔,将插入植入物柱。
- 如果选择,则可以将临时的可移动义齿放在孔上,出于美学目的,直到可以将永久性牙齿连接到植入物上为止。
If you have a subperiosteal implant, your jawbone won’t be drilled, and the implant post will be placed on or above the bone.
无论您收到哪种类型的植入物,都可以期望后来感到不适和肿胀。这可能持续几天。大多数人发现,在放置牙科植入物后的第二天,他们可以恢复日常活动。
Osseointegration
After the dental implant is placed, it will take anywhere from 2 to 6 months before enough new bone growth occurs around the screw. This process is known as osseointegration, meaning “combining with the bone.”
在骨整合过程中,天然下颌骨会在牙齿植入物周围增强和生长。这样可以将其牢固地固定在适当的位置,因此它可以充当人造牙根的根。
基台放置
通常将称为基台的金属扩展器添加到植入物中。这可以在初始过程中或在局部麻醉下进行第二次次要程序。
基台用于将替换牙齿连接到植入物。
如果在第二次手术过程中添加了基台,则如果牙龈组织在植入物上生长,则外科医生可能需要切开切口。这是因为放置植入物后,将愈合帽放在植入物上。虽然这用于保护植入物,但通常也可以防止组织在其上生长。
During the second procedure, the healing cap will be removed, and the abutment will be screwed onto the dental implant. The gum tissue will then contour around the abutment.
牙龈放置后,牙龈将需要几周才能愈合。
Placing the tooth
Once healing is complete, your dentist will take an impression of your teeth so that your permanent replacement tooth or teeth can be made to fit. These can be fixed or removable.
如果选择可移动的牙齿,它将安装在金属框架上并连接到基台上。这种类型的牙齿可以在家中除去以进行每日清洁。
If you opt for a fixed tooth, it will be permanently cemented or screwed onto the abutment.
After the process is complete, let your dentist know if your mouth feels uncomfortable in any way or if you experience:
- 持续的不适
- 严重的疼痛
- 流血的
- 肿胀
- 不平坦或不舒服
您的新牙齿看起来和自然。它们必须每天刷牙和牙线。不需要特殊的材料来清洁它们。您可以像对待天然牙齿一样对待它们。
确保还要看您的牙医进行定期检查。
牙科植入物成本可能会根据您要替换的牙齿以及每个程序的程度而有所不同。牙医办公室的位置也可能发挥作用。
植入物的目的是持续数十年。因此,他们的标价要比其他替代缺失牙齿的程序(例如桥梁或假牙)高一些。
与桥梁和假牙不同,牙科保险并不总是涵盖牙科植入物的成本。请与您的计划的提供商联系,以了解您对覆盖范围的期望。
通常,每个植入物的费用约为2,000至3,000美元。此费用仅适用于植入物,不包括基台或皇冠的成本。一旦添加了基台和皇冠的费用,您可能每颗牙齿支付高达6,000美元。
您的牙医或牙科专家应在开始治疗之前为您提供估计或确定的成本。一些牙科办公室提供付款计划,以使其更容易。
牙科植入物并不适合所有人,如果您需要许多牙齿更换,可能会变得昂贵。在某些情况下,complications可能会导致此过程不适合您。您可能还喜欢一个不太入侵的选择。
全植入物
If you need many teeth replaced, you may consider a full mouth dental implant. This procedure is also known as an “all on four” or an “all on six,” depending on whether you have four implants per arch or six implants per arch.
For either one, you can choose to have an implant denture, which is a removable denture that snaps into the implants, or a fixed bridge, which is cemented or screwed into place.
Since implants are sturdy enough to support several teeth, six implants will be enough to replace 10 or 12 consecutive missing teeth on the upper or lower arch of the mouth.
This procedure is an alternative to other treatments, such as假牙.
Dentures
Dentures are also known as false teeth. They fit over the gums and are removable. Unlike dentures, a full mouth dental implant is cemented or screwed into the jaw and treated like natural teeth.
牙齿可以是饱满的或部分的。它们比植入物便宜,但可能不会持续很长时间。它们还可能需要粘合剂才能将其固定在适当的位置。
牙齿通常由牙科保险覆盖。
Dental bridges
Dental bridges是植入物的另一种选择。桥是假牙齿或牙齿,牙齿固定在间隙两侧的牙齿上。这些健康的牙齿通常是向下钻的,因此可以将牙冠放在它们的顶部。
桥梁不需要钻入颚骨。它们比植入物便宜,通常由牙科保险覆盖。由于腐烂或破裂或破裂的瓷器,可能需要更换它们,但许多人可以持续很长时间。
缺失或受损的牙齿可能是由受伤或感染引起的。如果您对嘴里的缝隙的外观感到困扰,请与您的牙医谈谈最佳的手术类型。
由于您现有的牙齿可能会努力减轻缝隙,因此缺失的牙齿可能会随着时间的流逝而改变您的下巴或面部形状。它们也会影响您的咬人。
如果您缺少牙齿,请与您的牙医或口腔外科医生谈谈填补空白的选择。
Dental implants are used to place crowns, or artificial teeth, into the mouth. They’re usually drilled into the jawbone where they serve as the replacement tooth’s root.
牙科植入程序需要几个月的时间才能完成。它们看起来很自然,注定要持续数十年。