女性比男性更有可能报告心脏病发作疼痛而不是胸部。
Heart disease is the number one cause of death for American women, killing almost 1 in every 4 women. But a new study finds patients and even medical providers are missing important heart attack signs in women.
Many recognize that crushing sensation in your chest as a main symptom for a heart attack, but a recent study led by the Yale School of Public Health found that other lesser-known heart attack symptoms — especially in women — aren’t being recognized by doctors and patients.
About 90 percent of men and women experience some chest discomfort during an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or heart attack. However, not all AMI events are associated with chest pain.
如果假定这些非胸痛症状是不那么严重的，例如胃酸反流，可能会被误诊或忽略。
研究人员本月发表在本月
研究人员进行了访谈，以找出女性在医院就诊之前的症状以及他们认为症状的症状。研究人员还检查了参与者是否曾与医疗保健提供者进行过访问。
Almost 62 percent of women presented with more than three non-chest pain symptoms, compared to 54.8 percent of men. Women were more likely than men to report symptoms such as stomach pain, shortness of breath, palpitations in their chest, nausea, and dizziness.
此外，有53％的女性表示：“她们的医疗保健提供者认为症状与心脏病相关”，而男性只有36.7％。
“I’m really quite concerned about it,” Dr. Nieca Goldberg, cardiologist and medical director of the Joan H. Tisch Center for Women’s Health at NYU Langone told Healthline. “Sometimes the doctor is not putting it together… [physicians] need to change the course and trust and listen to patients to get the patient’s and their family’s whole story.”
If these symptoms are misinterpreted or ignored, young women have a “higher risk of mortality” or having complications from a heart attack.
Both men and women often didn’t realize they were exhibiting potential signs of a heart attack.
Researchers found nearly 50 percent of both men and women thought their symptoms were related to noncardiac conditions. Most commonly, study participants thought their symptoms were related to indigestion or acid reflux, and 20.9 percent of women related their symptoms to stress and anxiety.
Almost two-thirds of men and women reported that they only decided to seek medical care because they had persistent symptoms. Over half reported that their pain was too bad to ignore. A greater percentage of women than men did state they sought medical care for their symptoms prior to being admitted.
Goldberg said that physicians shouldn’t be overlooking these other lesser-known heart attack signs.
“The majority of men and women are reporting symptoms that are classic to a heart attack,” Goldberg said. “However, this study also supports what we already know — that women are more likely to report other symptoms.”
尽管男性和女性都有患心脏病的危险因素，但女性更有可能患有糖尿病，肥胖，中风或红酒，充血性心力衰竭，慢性肺部疾病和慢性肾脏疾病。
戈德堡说：“我们必须努力确保我们关于心脏症状的信息散发给所有女性，以便在症状时可以更好地装备。”“最重要的是，妇女在心脏病发作开始前几周患有症状，[医疗保健工作者]需要找到并敦促她们获得医疗服务，以防止她们在为时已晚时去急诊科。”
尽管心脏病发作的危险因素和胸痛的经典表现并没有改变，但需要进一步预防的额外意识。根据疾病控制与预防中心的数据，只有54％的妇女意识到心脏病是美国第一杀手。
戈德堡（Goldberg）敦促患者“与[他们]的主要医生，心脏病学家甚至妇科医生讨论他们的心脏症状和潜在危险因素。”
“They need to learn the symptoms of heart attack, get a checkup, and discuss their heart disease risk before having the symptoms themselves,” she said. “The idea is to prevent the first heart attack — not just recognize it when it is happening.”
心脏病发作表明女人（和男性）可能会错过
- unusual fatigue for several days, or sudden in onset
- 睡眠障碍
- shortness of breath
- 头晕，恶心或冷汗
- 消化不良或类似气体疼痛
- 一个或两只手臂的疼痛，脖子，下巴或背部的疼痛
- 胸部中心的压力可能散布在您的手臂上