什么是恐惧症?
恐惧症是过度和不合理的恐惧反应。如果您有恐惧症,您可能会在遇到恐惧的源泉时遇到深刻的恐惧或恐慌感。恐惧可以是某个地方,情况或物体。与一般焦虑症不同,恐惧症通常与特定的东西相连。
恐惧症的影响可以从烦恼到严重禁用。有恐惧症的人经常意识到他们的恐惧是不合理的,但他们无法对此做任何事情。这种恐惧可能会干扰工作,学校和个人关系。
估计19 million Americans有一个恐惧症,导致他们生命的某些领域的困难。如果您有恐惧,请寻求医生的帮助,以防止您引领最充分的生活。
遗传和环境因素会导致恐惧症。与一个亲近的孩子焦虑症有发展恐惧症的风险。令人痛苦的事件,如几乎溺水,可以带来恐惧症。接触限制空间,极度高度和动物orinsect叮咬都可以是恐惧群的来源。
持续持续的医疗条件或健康问题的人往往有恐惧症。之后,有一个高发病人员发育恐惧症创伤性脑损伤。Substance abuseanddepressionare also connected to phobias.
恐惧症have different symptoms from serious mental illnesses such asschizophrenia。在精神分裂症中,人们有视觉和听觉幻觉,妄想,偏执狂,厌食症等消极症状,并紊乱症状。恐惧症可能是不合理的,但恐惧症的人不会失败现实测试。
嘉年界害怕你无法逃脱的地方或情况。这个词本身是指“害怕开放空间”。有广场恐惧的人害怕大众或困在家外。他们经常完全避免社交场合,并留在家里。
很多人都有嘉年界担心他们可能有一个panic attack在他们无法逃脱的地方。慢性健康问题的人可能担心他们将在公共区域或没有帮助的地方进行医疗紧急情况。
社交恐惧症也被称为社交焦虑症。It’s extreme worry about social situations and it can lead to self-isolation. A social phobia can be so severe that the simplest interactions, such as ordering at a restaurant or answering the telephone, can cause panic. People with social phobia often go out of their way to avoid public situations.
许多人不喜欢某些情况或物体,而是成为一个真正的恐惧症,恐惧必须干扰日常生活。以下是最常见的几个:
焦干:这被称为性能焦虑,或者在观众面前担心。当他们甚至想到在一群人面前时,患有这种恐惧症的人都有严重的身体症状。<缩略碱治疗可包括治疗或药物。
Acrophobia:这是对高度的恐惧。这种恐惧症的人避免了山,桥梁或建筑物的较高楼层。症状包括vertigo那头晕那sweating,感觉好像他们会pass outor lose consciousness.
Claustrophobia:This is a fear of enclosed or tight spaces. Severe claustrophobia can be especially disabling if it prevents you from riding in cars or elevators. <Learn more about claustrophobia, from additional symptoms to treatment options.
Aviophobia:This is also known as thefear of flying。
Dentophobia:Dentophobia害怕牙医或牙科专业cedures. This phobia generally develops after an unpleasant experience at a dentist’s office. It can be harmful if it prevents you from obtaining neededdental care。
Hemophobia:This is a phobia of blood or injury. A person with hemophobia may faint when they come in contact with their own blood or another person’s blood.
arachnophobia:这意味着对蜘蛛的恐惧。
Cynophobia:This is a fear of dogs.
Ophidiophobia:People with this phobia fear snakes.
Nyctophobia: 这恐怖症是对夜间或黑暗的恐惧。它几乎总是开始作为典型的童年恐惧。当它通过过去青春期时,它被认为是恐惧症。
People with a genetic predisposition toanxiety可能存在高恐惧症的风险。年龄,社会经济地位和性别似乎只是某些恐惧症的危险因素。例如,女性更有可能具有动物恐惧症。儿童或社会经济地位低的人更有可能具有社会恐惧症。男人弥补了牙医和医生恐惧症的大多数人。
恐惧症最常见和致残的症状是一种恐慌的攻击。恐慌攻击的功能包括:
- poundingorracing heart
- shortness of breath
- rapid speech or inability to speak
- dry mouth
- upset stomach
- nausea
- elevated blood pressure
- trembling or shaking
- chest pain或紧绷
- a choking sensation
- 头晕orlightheadedness
- 丰富的出汗
- a sense of impending doom
然而,一个有恐惧症的人不必具有恐慌攻击,以便准确诊断。
Treatment for phobias can involve therapeutic techniques, medications, or a combination of both.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)is the most commonly used therapeutic treatment for phobias. It involves exposure to the source of the fear in a controlled setting. This treatment can decondition people and reduce anxiety.
该疗法侧重于识别和改变负面思想,功能失调信念和对恐怖症情况的负面反应。新的CBT技术使用虚拟现实技术将人们安全暴露给他们的恐惧症来源。
药物
抗抑郁药andanti-anxiety medicationscan help calm emotional and physical reactions to fear. Often, a combination of medication and professional therapy is the most helpful.
If you have a phobia, it’s critical that you seek treatment. Overcoming phobias can be difficult, but there’s hope. With the right treatment, you can learn to manage your fears and lead a productive, fulfilling life.