一个phobia是对不太可能造成伤害的事物的不合理恐惧。这个词本身来自希腊语“ Phobos”，意为“恐惧”或“恐怖”。
Hydrophobia, for example, literally translates to fear of water.
当某人患有恐惧症时，他们会感到对某个物体或情况的强烈恐惧。恐惧症与常规恐惧不同，因为它们会引起严重的困扰，可能会干扰在家，工作或学校的生活。
恐惧症患者积极避免恐惧object or situation, or they endure it with intense fear or anxiety.
在精神障碍的诊断和统计手册中，第五版（DSM-5），美国精神病学协会概述了几种最常见的恐惧症。
一个goraphobia对引发恐惧或无助的地方或情况的恐惧被视为特别普遍的恐惧，其独特的诊断。社交恐惧症是与社交情况有关的恐惧，也被独特的诊断所挑选。
phobias come in all shapes and sizes. Because there are an infinite number of objects and situations, the list of specific phobias is quite long.
一个ccording to the DSM-5, specific phobias typically fall within five general categories:
- 与动物有关的恐惧（蜘蛛，狗，昆虫）
- 与自然环境有关的恐惧（高度，雷电，黑暗）
- fears related to blood, injury, or medical issues (injections, broken bones, falls)
- fears related to specific situations (flying, riding an elevator, driving)
- other (fear of choking, loud noises, drowning)
these categories encompass an infinite number of specific objects and situations.
除了DSM-5中概述的内容之外，没有官方的恐惧症清单，因此临床医生和研究人员在需要时为它们创建名称。这通常是通过结合希腊语（或有时是拉丁语）前缀来完成的，该前缀描述了恐惧症-phobia suffix.
For example, a fear of water would be named by combining “hydro” (water) and “phobia” (fear).
还有一种恐惧（恐惧症）的恐惧。这实际上比您想象的更普遍。
people with anxiety disorders sometimes experience惊恐发作当他们处于某些情况时。这些恐慌发作可能是如此不舒服，以至于人们将将来竭尽所能避免它们。
For example, if you have a panic attack while sailing, you may fear sailing in the future, but you may also fear panic attacks or fear developing hydrophobia.
研究特定的恐惧症是一个复杂的过程。大多数人不为这些条件寻求治疗，因此案件在很大程度上没有报告。
these phobias also vary based on cultural experiences, gender, and age.
以下是已经确定的一些恐惧症。
| 一个 | |
|---|---|
| achluophobia | 害怕黑暗 |
| acrophobia | fear of heights |
| aerophobia | fear of flying |
| algophobia | fear of pain |
| alektorophobia | 害怕鸡 |
| agoraphobia | fear of public spaces or crowds |
| aichmophobia | 害怕针头或尖锐的物体 |
| 酸性恐惧症 | 害怕猫 |
| 瘫痪恐惧症 | fear of riding in a car |
| androphobia | 害怕男人 |
| 遗传恐惧症 | fear of angina or choking |
| anthophobia | fear of flowers |
| 人类恐惧症 | 对人或社会的恐惧 |
| 厌食症 | fear of being touched |
| arachnophobia | 害怕蜘蛛 |
| 芳香恐惧症 | 害怕数字 |
| astaphaphaphobia | 害怕雷声和闪电 |
| 吞噬恐惧症 | fear of disorder or untidiness |
| atelophobia | 害怕不完美 |
| atychiphobia | fear of failure |
| 自恐惧症 | 害怕一个人 |
| b | |
| bacteriophobia | fear of bacteria |
| barophobia | 对重力的恐惧 |
| bathmophobia | fear of stairs or steep slopes |
| batrachophobia | 害怕两栖动物 |
| Belonephobia | fear of pins and needles |
| bibliophobia | fear of books |
| 植物恐惧症 | 害怕植物 |
| C | |
| 酸恐惧症 | 害怕丑陋 |
| 猫恐惧症 | 害怕被嘲笑 |
| catoptrophobia | 害怕镜子 |
| 恐惧症 | 害怕雪 |
| chromophobia | 害怕颜色 |
| chronomentrophobia | fear of clocks |
| cibophobia | fear of food |
| 幽闭恐惧症 | 害怕被关闭的空间 |
| coulrophobia | fear of clowns |
| cyberphobia | 害怕计算机 |
| cynophobia | fear of dogs |
| d | |
| 树状恐惧症 | fear of trees |
| dentophobia | fear of dentists |
| 恐惧症 | fear of houses |
| 恐惧症 | fear of accidents |
| e | |
| entomophobia | fear of insects |
| ephebiphobia | 害怕青少年 |
| 倍感恐惧症 | fear of horses |
| G | |
| 恐惧症 | 害怕婚姻或承诺 |
| Genuphobia | 害怕膝盖 |
| 恐惧症 | fear of speaking in public |
| gynophobia | fear of women |
| H | |
| 恐惧症 | 恐惧太阳 |
| 血糖 | 害怕鲜血 |
| 恐惧症 | fear of reptiles |
| 疏水症 | 害怕水 |
| 软骨病 | 害怕疾病 |
| 我知道 | |
| iatrophobia | fear of doctors |
| 昆虫恐惧症 | fear of insects |
| koinoniphobia | fear of rooms full of people |
| l | |
| 白细胞 | 害怕颜色白色 |
| 恐惧症 | fear of tornadoes and hurricanes |
| lockiophobia | fear of childbirth |
| m | |
| mageirocophobia | 害怕做饭 |
| megalophobia | fear of large things |
| 恐惧症 | 恐惧颜色黑色 |
| microphobia | 害怕小事 |
| mysophobia | fear of dirt and germs |
| n | |
| necrophobia | 害怕死亡或死物 |
| noctiphobia | fear of the night |
| nosocomephobia | fear of hospitals |
| Nyctophobia | fear of the dark |
| o | |
| obesophobia | 害怕体重 |
| octophobia | fear of the number 8 |
| ombrophobia | 害怕下雨 |
| 恐惧症 | 害怕蛇 |
| ornithophobia | fear of birds |
| p | |
| papyrophobia | 恐惧纸 |
| 病理恐惧症 | fear of disease |
| 恋恐惧症 | 害怕孩子 |
| 恐惧症 | 害怕爱 |
| phobophobia | fear of phobias |
| podophobia | 害怕脚 |
| pogonophobia | 害怕胡须 |
| 卟啉症 | fear of the color purple |
| pteridophobia | 害怕蕨类植物 |
| pteromerhanophopia | fear of flying |
| 恐惧症 | 害怕火 |
| Q – S | |
| samhainophobia | fear of Halloween |
| scolionophobia | fear of school |
| selenophobia | 恐惧月亮 |
| 社会恐惧症 | fear of social evaluation |
| somniphobia | 害怕睡眠 |
| t | |
| tachophobia | fear of speed |
| technophobia | fear of technology |
| tonitrophobia | 害怕雷声 |
| 锥虫恐惧症 | 害怕针头或注射 |
| U–Z | |
| venustraphobia | fear of beautiful women |
| verminophobia | fear of germs |
| wiccaphobia | 害怕女巫和巫术 |
| 仇外心理 | fear of strangers or foreigners |
| 动物恐惧症 | fear of animals |
恐惧症通常通过治疗，药物或两者的组合进行治疗：
- exposure therapy.在暴露疗法,这是一个类型的cognitive behavioral therapy, you work with a psychologist to learn how to desensitize yourself to the object or situation that you fear. The goal is to improve your quality of life so that you’re no longer hindered or distressed by your fear.
- 抗焦虑药。您的医生可能会推荐一定anxiety-reducing medications这可以帮助您通过曝光疗法。虽然这些药物并不完全是恐惧症的治疗方法，但它们可以帮助使暴露疗法减少困扰。
- 其他药物。您的临床医生也可能会开处方beta-blockersandbenzodiazepines管理焦虑或恐慌的感觉。
phobias are persistent, intense, and unrealistic fears of a certain object or situation. Specific phobias are related to certain objects and situations. They typically involve fears related to animals, natural environments, medical issues, or specific situations.
虽然恐惧症可能非常不舒服且具有挑战性，但治疗和药物可能会有所帮助。如果您认为自己可能患有恐惧症会导致生活中断，请与您的医生交谈以进行评估和治疗选择。