Overview

子宫肌瘤, also known as fibroids or leiomyomas, are small tumors that grow in the wall of a woman’s子宫。These tumors arebenign, which means they aren’t cancerous. However, they can cause pain and other uncomfortable symptoms.

肌瘤are the most common types ofbenign tumors在女性中。他们最常在女性中发展生育年龄。您可能会在期间和之后继续体验它们绝经- 甚至在生命的这个阶段，甚至是第一次开发它们。

了解有关肌瘤及其与更年期的联系的更多信息。

The hormones estrogen and孕酮can increase the risk for fibroids. During menopause, your body produces less estrogen and progesterone. As a result, your risk for new fibroids decreases.

The drop in hormone levels may also help preexisting fibroids decrease in size.

一些危险因素可能会增加您患肌瘤的机会。他们包括：

40岁以上的妇女非洲裔美国妇女are also at a higher risk for fibroids.

肌瘤会影响premenopausal和postmenopausal妇女以不同的方式。一般而言，绝经前妇女往往会出现更严重的症状。

有时根本没有肌瘤的症状。您的医疗保健提供者可以在一年中检测到肌瘤骨盆检查。

妇女，无论是绝经前还是绝经后，都可能经历以下肌瘤症状：

A fibroid or a cluster of fibroids pushing against the uterine wall can directly cause many of these symptoms. For example, pressure from fibroids on your膀胱can cause more frequent urination.

肌瘤可能难以解决。

避孕药目前是首选药物治疗。您的医疗保健提供者可能会推荐surgical removal您的肌瘤，这是一种称为肌瘤切除术的过程。还可以考虑子宫切除术或手术切除子宫。

Hormonal therapies

避孕药是管理疼痛和多余出血等症状的一种可能方法。但是，它们不会收缩肌瘤或导致它们消失。

有证据支持两者的使用组合和仅孕激素birth control pills for fibroids. Progestins can also alleviate othersymptoms of menopause并使激素替代疗法更有效。

Other hormonal treatments that will relieve pain and bleeding include progestin injections and宫内设备（iuds）that contain progestins.

肌瘤切除术

Sometimes amyomectomyis performed before a hysterectomy is considered. Myomectomy targets fibroid removal and doesn’t require removal of your uterus. Myomectomies can be performed in several different ways, depending on the location of the fibroids.

如果大部分肌瘤在子宫腔内，则可以进行手术宫腔镜检查(with the aid of a thin, lighted tube).

In some instances, your healthcare provider will make an incision in your lower abdomen. The size and location of the incision is similar to an incision used for acesarean delivery。完全康复将需要4到6周。这种方法不像其他方法那么普遍。

您的医疗保健提供者也可能能够进行手术腹腔镜。During laparoscopic surgery, a smaller incision is made. Recovery time for laparoscopic surgery is shorter, but this type of surgery is usually only recommended for smaller fibroids.

If fibroids come back following a myomectomy, your doctor may recommend a hysterectomy.

子宫切除术

For severe symptoms related to large, recurring fibroids, a子宫切除术may be the best option. In this type of surgery, your healthcare provider removes all or some part of your uterus.

可能建议使用子宫切除术的女性：

  • 接近更年期
  • 已经是绝经后的
  • 有多个肌瘤
  • 有很大的肌瘤
  • have tried many therapies, want the most definitive treatment, and have no plans for childbearing in the future

There are three types of hysterectomy:

  • Total.在此手术中，您的医疗保健提供者可以清除整个子宫以及您的子宫宫颈。In some cases, they may recommend removing your输卵管也。如果您拥有较大的，广泛的肌瘤簇，那么此选项可能是最好的。
  • Partial/subtotal.通过此手术，只有您的上子宫被切除。如果肌瘤是子宫区域的反复出现的问题，您的医疗保健提供者可能会建议您选择此选项。这可以通过成像测试确认。
  • Radical.这是子宫切除术的最重要形式，很少用于肌瘤的治疗。有时推荐某些妇科癌症。通过此手术，医生可以去除您的子宫，上阴道，子宫颈和参数（子宫和阴道的周围组织）。

子宫切除术是完全治愈肌瘤的唯一方法。每年， 美国约有30万妇女 undergo this surgery for fibroid relief.

您和您的医疗保健提供者一起确定该手术是否将是您最好的肌瘤治疗方法。

其他治疗方法

对绝经或绝经后妇女的其他可能治疗方法包括这些无创或微创程序：

  • myolysis,where the fibroids and their blood vessels are destroyed with heat or an electric current; one example is the procedure known as Acessa
  • forced ultrasound surgery (FUS),which uses high-energy, high-frequency sound waves to destroy the fibroids
  • 子宫内膜消融，whichuses methods like heat, an electric current, hot water, or extreme coldto destroy the uterine lining
  • 子宫动脉栓塞，which cuts off blood supply to the fibroids

肌瘤are more common in premenopausal women, but you can also develop fibroids during menopause.

与你的医疗provider about ways that you can manage fibroid symptoms and whether surgery is the right option for you. Fibroids that don’t cause any symptoms may not require any treatment at all.