What is a pelvic exam?
A pelvic exam is a doctor’s visual and physical examination of a woman’s reproductive organs. During the exam, the doctor inspects thevagina,cervix,fallopian tubes，外阴，卵巢, anduterus。Public and private healthcare providers routinely perform pelvic exams at their offices or clinics.
There are no specific guidelines for how often a woman should have a pelvic exam, but it is often recommended to have one once a year. Depending on your medical history, a doctor may suggest that you have them more frequently. Women should have their first pelvic exam at age 21 unless other health issues require it earlier. Often the first pelvic exam is when a young woman goes to seek birth control.
Women over the age of 21 should receive regular pelvic exams, similar to general checkups. However, special reasons for having a pelvic exam include:
- unusual vaginal bleeding或者discharge
- 癌症的家族史
- 担心关于ovarian cancer,cysts,sexually transmitted diseases, and other gynecological problems
Sometimes a doctor performs the exam before prescribing birth control.
如果您以前从未参加过骨盆检查，请在预约时让您的医疗保健提供者知道。安排您的骨盆考试，以便您不在期间的日期。但是，如果您担心月经问题，您的医生可能会建议您在期间进行检查。
Avoid vaginal intercourse, inserting anything into your vagina, and douching, at least 24 hours before your pelvic exam.
您的医生会让您脱衣服，穿长袍。检查中可能包括乳房检查，在这种情况下，您将被要求卸下胸罩。您可能会有一些东西可以放在腰部以增加隐私。您将躺在检查桌上，腿部张开，脚在脚凳上称为马rup。
视觉考试
First, your doctor will visually inspect your vagina and vulva. Your doctor may be looking for redness, irritation, discharge, cysts, or something that indicates a sexually transmitted disease, such as sores.
窥镜考试
接下来，医生将将一种称为窥镜的乐器插入阴道中。窥镜是类似于鸭子的不锈钢或塑料设备。妇女应该深入呼吸，并试图在插入过程中放松自己的阴道，直肠和腹部肌肉。有时，医生会事先加热窥镜。
Pap smear
The doctor may swipe the cervix, before removing the speculum, with something that looks like a small spatula. The spatula gathers cells for later examination. This procedure is known as aPap smear。通过查看细胞，您的医生可以诊断癌症和性传播疾病等疾病。
Manual exam
Your doctor will also manually inspect your internal reproductive and sexual organs. To do this, your doctor will put on lubricated gloves and insert two fingers into your vagina while using the other hand to feel your abdomen. This manual exam looks for irregularities in the uterus or ovaries.
在此过程中，您的医生将能够确定子宫的大小。他们可能检查怀孕以及输卵管的任何异常。
最后，您的医生可能会进行直肠检查。在这项检查中，医生同时将手指插入直肠和阴道中，以检查两个器官之间组织中的异常。
Your doctor will be able to tell you right away if any abnormalities were found. However, Pap smear results may take a few days. Your doctor may prescribe medications or require a follow-up visit.
骨盆检查的好处
Pelvic exams are essential for determining a woman’s sexual and reproductive health. They can also detect life-threatening conditions, such as cancer or infections.
Pelvic exams are routine, but you may have some discomfort during the procedure and spotting afterward.
许多女性发现骨盆检查在身体和精神上不舒服。医生试图使他们尽可能无痛，并在此过程中提供保证和反馈。为您准备医生的一系列问题可能会很有帮助。您也可以在约会期间要求朋友或家人与您在一起。