这uterus sits in the middle of the pelvis, behind the bladder and in front of the rectum. The actual position of the uterus within the pelvis varies from person to person. Each position has its own name:
- 一个teverted uterus。一个anteverted uterustips slightly forward.
- Retroverted uterus。A翻盖子宫稍微向后弯曲。
Both of these positions are normal, and the position of the uterus can change throughout a woman’s life, most frequently after a pregnancy.
眼底
这fundus is the upper part of the uterus. It’s broad and curved. The输卵管附着在眼底下方的子宫内。
cor
语料库是子宫的主体。它非常肌肉，可以伸展以适应发展的胎儿。在劳动期间，语料库合同的肌肉墙壁帮助将婴儿推过宫颈andvagina。
这corpus is lined by a mucus membrane called the endometrium. This membrane responds to reproductive hormones by changing its thickness during each menstrual cycle. If an egg is fertilized, it attaches to the endometrium. If no fertilization occurs, the endometrium sheds its outer layer of cells, which are released during menstruation.
Isthmus
宫颈之间的子宫部分和子宫颈之间称为峡部。这是子宫壁开始朝向子宫颈的地方。
Cervix
子宫颈是子宫的最低部分。它衬有光滑的粘膜，将子宫连接到阴道。颈衬中的腺体通常会产生厚厚的粘液。然而，在排卵期间，这变得更薄，以允许精子容易进入子宫。
子宫颈有三个主要部分：
- Endocervix。This is the inner part of the cervix that leads to the uterus.
- Cervical canal.这cervical canal links the uterus to the vagina.
- Exocerervix。execercix是宫颈的外部突出到阴道中。
在分娩期间，子宫颈扩张（扩大）允许宝宝通过出生运河。
Congenital uterine conditions
先天性单词指的是一个人出生的东西。根据CMANES，关于1 in 300 womenare born with a congenital uterine condition. In some cases, congenital uterine conditions cause pregnancy complications.
先天性子宫状况的一些例子是：
- 胚乳子宫。A band of muscle divides the uterus into two separate sections.
- Bicornuate子宫。这uterus has two smaller cavities instead of one large one.
- Didelphic uterus.这uterus has two smaller cavities, each with its own cervix.
- Unicornuate子宫。只有一半的子宫形式。
Endometriosis
Endometriosis当前肿瘤内膜通常会在子宫排行，在子宫，输卵管或骨盆衬里的外面生长。它会引起严重的疼痛，特别是在月经或性交期间。
子宫肌瘤
子宫肌瘤are noncancerous growths on the walls of the uterus. They can range in size from very small (the size of a seed) to quite large (the size of an orange). While fibroids don’t always cause symptoms, some women experience bleeding and pain. In addition, larger ones can also lead to fertility issues in some cases.
子宫脱垂
A prolapse happens when an organ’s support system is stretched or damaged.子宫脱垂当部分子宫倒入阴道时发生。在严重的情况下，部分子宫可以脱离阴道开口。许多事情会导致这种情况，包括分娩，手术，更年期或极端体育活动。
盆腔炎
盆腔炎（PID）是女性生殖器官内的感染。它有时是由引起淋病和衣原体的相同细菌引起的，尽管其他细菌也可以引起它。
PID的主要症状是腹部疼痛，以及在性交和排尿期间的疼痛。其他可能的症状包括不寻常的阴道分泌物，疲劳和不规则的出血。如果未经处理过的话，PID会导致不孕症和增加的风险ectopic pregnancy。
癌症
While uterine cancer can start anywhere in the uterus, it’s
癌症也可以影响子宫颈的细胞，导致cervical cancer。Doctors aren’t sure about the exact causes and risk factors for cervical cancer, but smoking and having sexually transmitted infections both seem to be a factor, in addition to having a weak immune system.
许多子宫状况的症状份额存在一些主要症状，包括：
- 非常沉重的时期
- bleeding between periods
- 异常或臭味嗅到阴道分泌物
- pelvic or lower-back pain
- 月经或性交期间的疼痛
- 排尿期间疼痛或排便
Contact your doctor if you notice any of these symptoms. Using your medical history and physical exam, they can help to narrow down what might be causing them.
这uterus is an important organ with many moving parts. Follow these tips to keep it healthy:
Get routine Pap smears
PAP涂片can detect precancerous changes in your cervix in addition to other uterine conditions. The American Cancer Society
- 21至29岁的女性每三年都有一个PAP涂片
- 30岁或以上的妇女获得PAP涂片，以及人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）测试，每五年直到65岁，即使他们已被接种疫苗
- women over 65 stop having Pap smears if they’ve had regular ones for the previous 10 years, unless they have a higher risk of uterine cancer
Get vaccinated against HPV
这HPV疫苗保护九个菌株。它可以在9岁和26岁之间获得。根据FDA，疫苗可以防止
使用避孕套
Using a condom during intercourse helps to prevent the spread of STIs, which can increase a woman’s risk of developing PID or cervical cancer.
Avoid smoking
吸烟是联系对某些类型的宫颈癌。If you currently smoke, try these tips for quitting.
吃好
已知以下类型的食物可帮助保持您的子宫颈健康，并提高免疫系统：
- 富含叶酸的食物，如芦笋，西兰花和其他绿色蔬菜
- foods rich in vitamin C, such as oranges and grapefruits
- foods rich inbeta carotene，如胡萝卜，壁球和哈瓜
- foods rich in维生素E.，如全谷物面包和谷物