带状疱疹：你应该知道的一切

什么是带状疱疹？

带状疱疹是由水痘带状疱疹病毒引起的感染，该病毒是引起水痘的相同病毒。即使在水痘感染结束后，该病毒在神经系统中仍处于休眠状态多年，然后将其重新激活为带状疱疹。

Shingles is also referred to as herpes zoster. This type of viral infection is characterized by a red skin rash that can cause pain and burning. Shingles usually appears as astripe of blisterson one side of the body, typically on the torso, neck, or face.

大多数带状疱疹的病例在3到5周内清除。根据 疾病控制与预防中心（CDC） ，，，，approximately one in three people in the United States will have shingles at some point in their life. The condition can occur in the same person more than once, especially if they have risk factors, but this is uncommon.

Keep reading to learn more about shingles, including symptoms, treatments, and complications.

带状疱疹的症状

这带状疱疹的第一个症状are usually pain and burning, according to the CDC 。疼痛通常在您身体的一侧，沿着皮肤的某个区域称为皮肤病。红色rash经常跟随。但是，皮疹并不总是看起来是红色的。根据肤色，皮疹会显得深粉红色，深棕色或紫色。

这 National Institute on Aging (NIA) says that characterizations of a shingles rash include:

• 皮疹出现在身体的一侧，例如胸部，腹部，背部或脸部
• a rash on your face and ears
• itchiness
• fluid-filled blisters that break easily
• burning sensation

有些带状疱疹的人会出现超出疼痛和皮疹的症状。根据一个merican Academy of Dermatology，，，，these symptoms may include:

• fever
• chills
• 头痛
• fatigue
• muscle weakness

稀有和严重并发症带状疱疹包括：

• pain or rashthat involves an eye, which should be treated immediately to avoid permanent eye damage
• loss of hearingorintense pain in one ear，，，，dizziness， 或者失去品味在你的舌头上，这可能是Ramsay Hunt syndromeand also require immediate treatment
• 细菌感染characterized by skin that’s red, swollen, or warm to the touch

Shingles on your face

带状疱疹通常发生在您的背部或胸部的一侧，但您也可以出现皮疹one side of your face。

如果皮疹靠近或在您的耳朵中，可能会导致infection可能会导致：

• loss of hearing
• 余额问题
• weakness in your facial muscles

嘴里的带状疱疹可能非常痛苦。可能很难吃，可能会影响您的口味感。

一个shingles rash on your scalp can cause sensitivity when you comb or brush your hair. Without treatment,头皮上的带状疱疹可以导致永久的秃头斑块。

Shingles of the eye

对于某些人来说，带状疱疹发生在及其周围the eye。这被称为眼科疱疹带状疱疹或带状疱疹眼科医生。

一个blistering rash may appear on your eyelids, forehead, and sometimes the tip or side of your nose.

您可能会遇到诸如：

• burning or throbbing in your eye
• 发红和撕裂
• swelling
• 模糊的视野

一个fter the rash disappears, you may still have pain in your eye due to nerve damage. The pain eventually gets better for most people.

Without treatment, shingles of the eyecan lead严重问题，包括长期vision loss和由于角膜肿胀而导致的永久疤痕。

Seek urgent care

如果您怀疑自己的眼睛内外都有带状疱疹，请立即与医生联系。

背上的带状疱疹

虽然皮疹通常在腰围的一侧出现，但可能沿着背部或下背部的一侧出现一条水泡条。

Shingles on your buttocks

You can get a shingles rash onyour buttocks。Shingles usually only affects one side of your body, so you may have a rash on one buttock but not the other.

一个s with other areas of the body,shingles on your buttocks可能会引起初始症状，例如刺痛，瘙痒或疼痛。

几天后，可能会出现红皮疹或水泡。有些人会感到疼痛，但不会出现皮疹。

带状疱疹的阶段

根据NIA的说法，大多数带状疱疹的案例持续 3 to 5 weeks 。水痘带状疱疹病毒最初重新激活后，您的皮肤可能：

• tingle
• burn
• feel numb
• itch

Shingles usually develops on one side of your body, often on your waist, back, or chest.

Within about 5 days, you may see a red rash in that area. Small groups of oozing, fluid-filled blisters may appear a few days later in the same area. You may experience flu-like symptoms such as a fever, headache, or fatigue.

在接下来的10天左右的时间里，水泡会干燥并形成结ab。几周后，结ab将清除。结ab清楚后，有些人继续遭受痛苦。这就是所谓的postherpetic neuralgia。

Shingles causes

Shingles is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes水痘。If you’ve already had chickenpox, you can develop shingles when this virus reactivates in your body.

树木在某些人中发展而不是其他人的原因尚不清楚。由于感染的免疫力较低，因此在老年人中更为常见。

Possiblerisk factors对于带状疱疹包括：

• a weakened immune system
• 情绪压力
• 老化
• 接受癌症治疗或大手术

您可以从疫苗中获取带状疱疹吗？

One vaccine called Shingrix is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to prevent shingles. The CDC 推荐50岁以上的成年人会接受两剂的小香菜，分别为2至6个月。该疫苗的有效性超过90％。

While副作用例如，疫苗可能会产生过敏反应，很少见。疾病预防控制中心（CDC）没有记录在接种疫苗的人中传播的水痘带状疱疹病毒的病例。

谁有带状疱疹的风险？

任何有水痘的人都可以发生带状疱疹。但是，某些因素使人们面临木瓦的风险增加。根据 NIA ，，，，these include:

• being 60 years or older
• 有条件,削弱你的免疫系统,such asHIVorcancer
• having hadchemotherapyorradiation treatment
• 服用可削弱免疫系统的药物，例如器官移植后服用的类固醇或药物
• having had shingles before

带状疱疹是传染性的吗？

根据国家健康服务，带状疱疹没有传染性。但是导致其可能传播给另一个没有的人水痘，，，，and they could develop chickenpox.

当有人与渗出水泡接触时，水痘带状疱疹病毒会传播。如果水泡被覆盖或形成结ab，这不是传染性的。

To prevent the varicella-zoster virus from spreading if you have shingles, be sure to keep the rash clean and covered. Do not touch the blisters, and make sure to wash your hands often.

一个void being around at-risk people, such as people who are pregnant or have weak immune systems.

When to contact a doctor

如果您怀疑自己有带状疱疹，请尽快去看医生很重要，尤其是如果您患有越来越多的人患有木瓦。

这一个merican Academy of Dermatology建议在3天内参观皮肤科医生或其他医疗保健专业人员，以防止长期并发症。

Shingles typically clears up within a few weeks and does not commonly recur. If your symptoms have not lessened within 10 days, contact a doctor for a follow-up and reevaluation.

Shingles diagnosis

医生通常通过检查皮疹和水泡来诊断带状疱疹。他们还问有关您的病史的问题。

在极少数情况下，您的医生可能需要测试皮肤样本或水泡的液体。这涉及使用无菌拭子收集组织或液体样品。然后将样品发送到医疗实验室以确认病毒的存在。

Shingles treatment

无法治愈带状疱疹，但是尽快对其进行治疗可以帮助防止并发症并加快恢复。理想情况下，您应该在内部接受治疗72 hours发展症状。您的医生可能会开药以减轻症状并缩短感染的长度。

Medication

用于治疗带状疱疹的药物各不相同，但可能包括以下内容：

Shingles home remedies

Home treatment可以帮助缓解带状疱疹的症状。根据 NIA ，，，，these remedies include:

• taking cool baths or showers to clean and soothe your skin
• 弄湿冷压to the rash to reduce pain and itching
• applyingcalamine lotionor making a paste with water and baking soda or cornstarch to reduce itching
• eating foods withvitamin A，，，，维生素B12，，，，vitamin C，，，，andvitamin E
• takingL-lysine supplementsto strengthen your immune system

如何防止带状疱疹

这 NIA 说接种疫苗可以帮助您避免出现严重的带状疱疹症状或并发症。所有孩子都应接受两剂的水痘vaccine，，，，also known as a varicella immunization. Adults who’ve never had chickenpox should also get this vaccine.

这immunization doesn’t necessarily mean that you won’t get chickenpox, but it does prevent it in 9 out of 10 people who get the vaccine.

成年人 50 years or older should get a shingles vaccine, also known as the varicella-zoster immunization, according to the CDC. This vaccine helps to prevent severe symptoms and complications associated with shingles.

这re is one shingles vaccine available, Shingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine). The CDC 注意，如果您收到了过去使用的带状疱疹疫苗的Zostavax，则仍然应该接种Shingrix疫苗。

Shingles complications

虽然带状疱疹本身可能很痛苦且令人毛骨悚然，但重要的是要监测潜在并发症的症状：

• Eye damage can occur if you have a rash or blister too close to your eye. Thecorneais particularly vulnerable.
• 细菌皮肤感染很容易发生，因此很严重。
• 肺炎可能。
• Ramsay Hunt syndromecan occur if shingles affects the nerves in your head and can result in partial facial paralysis or hearing loss if untreated. If treated within 72 hours, most people make a full recovery.
• Brain or spinal cord inflammation, such as脑炎ormeningitis，，，，可能。这se complications are serious and life threatening.

Shingles in older adults

带状疱疹在老年人中尤其常见。NIA说，在三分之一的人中，他们一生都会得到带状疱疹， about half 超过60岁。这是因为老年人的免疫系统更有可能受到损害或削弱。

与普通人群相比，患有带状疱疹的老年人更有可能经历并发症，包括露天发泡物的更广泛的皮疹和细菌感染。他们也更容易受到两者的影响pneumoniaand brain inflammation, so it’s important to visit a doctor early on for antiviral treatment.

To prevent shingles, the CDC recommends that adults over 50 years old receive the shingles vaccine.

Shingles and pregnancy

在怀孕期间获得带状疱疹是不寻常的，但NHSsays it is possible. If you come into contact with someone who has chickenpox or an active shingles infection, you can develop chickenpox if you have not been vaccinated or if you have never had it before.

Depending on what trimester you’re in, having chickenpox during pregnancy can result in congenital anomalies. Getting a chickenpox vaccine before pregnancy can be an important step in protecting your child.

Shingles is unlikely to cause complications during pregnancy, but it can still be unpleasant. Contact your doctor right away if you develop a rash during pregnancy.

Find out more about shingles and pregnancy.

在怀孕期间，可以安全地使用治疗带状疱疹的抗病毒药物。一个ntihistamines还可以帮助减少瘙痒，对乙酰氨基酚（泰诺）可以减轻疼痛。在服用任何药物以治疗怀孕期间，请与您的医生交谈。

关于带状疱疹的常见问题

Here’s a look at some of the common questions people have about shingles.

Is shingles painful?

有些带状疱疹的人只会出现轻度症状，例如发麻或发痒的皮肤。对于其他人来说，这可能非常痛苦。即使是轻微的微风也会引起疼痛。有些人在没有皮疹的情况下经历着严重的疼痛。

这pain from shingles usually occurs in the nerves of the:

• 胸部
• 脖子
• 脸
• lower back
• abdomen

为了缓解疼痛，医生可以开处方抗病毒药或抗炎药等药物。

一个2017年动物研究发现带状疱疹的疼痛可能是由于我们的免疫机制改变了我们的感觉神经元在被水痘带状疱疹病毒重新激活触发后的工作方式。

Is shingles airborne?

引起带状疱疹的水痘带状疱疹病毒不是空气传播的。如果您附近有带状疱疹或打喷嚏的人或共享您的水杯或饮用器具，则不会散布。

这only way the virus is contagious is if you come into direct contact with an oozing blister of someone who has shingles. You won’t get shingles, but you may develop chickenpox if you’ve never had it before.

您能多次获得带状疱疹吗？

一个lthough possible, it’s rare to experience shingles more than once. In a 2019 study ，，，，researchers found the reoccurrence rate of shingles was 5.3 percent over an average of a 4.4-year follow-up period.

这researchers found that experiencing shingles that lasted more than 30 days significantly increased the risk of reoccurrence. Other risk factors were:

• being 51 to 70 years old
• having shingles lasting longer than 90 days
• 是女性
• 患有血液癌，一个自身免疫性疾病，，，，high blood pressure， 或者血脂异常(high “bad” cholesterol or low “good” cholesterol)

Can the Shingrix vaccine cause shingles?

不，Shingrix疫苗不会引起带状疱疹。根据Immunization Action Coalition，，，，the Shingrix vaccine only contains a small amount of the herpes zoster virus and doesn’t contain a live virus.

这CDCsays that about 10 percent of people who receive the vaccine experience some redness, swelling, or pain around the injection site.

Shingles vs. hives

如果您有带状疱疹，这是由水痘带状疱疹病毒引起的疾病，通常您的身体一侧会出现发痒或疼痛的红皮疹，并充满液体水泡。您只有以前有水痘时才能开发带状疱疹。

Shingles is not the same as麻疹，发痒，在您的皮肤上抬起毛皮。蜂箱通常是由对您的环境中的药物，食物或其他物质的过敏反应引起的。