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关于antihistamines

When you have an allergic reaction, your body releases a substance called histamine. Histamine causes allergy symptoms when it binds to receptors on certain cells in your body. Antihistamines work by decreasing the effects of histamine at certain cell receptors.

Over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines can help treat symptoms such as:

  • 拥塞
  • 流鼻涕
  • sneezing
  • itching
  • 鼻肿胀
  • hives
  • skin rashes
  • itchy and watery eyes

Read on to learn how the different brand-name antihistamines can help treat your过敏symptoms.

First-generation OTC oral antihistamines, including diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine, are the oldest group. They are sedating, which means they’re likely to make you drowsy after you use them. They also don’t last as long in your system, so they require more frequent dosing than the newer generations. First-generation brands include Benadryl and Chlor-Trimeton.

Benadryl.

第一代抗组胺药二酚胺是主要的活性成分Benadryl.。Benadryl帮助缓解流鼻涕，打喷嚏，发痒或水汪汪的眼睛，鼻子或喉咙瘙痒。这些症状可能是由于花粉过敏，其他上呼吸过敏，或普通感冒。Benadryl.can also be used to treathivesand to reduce redness and itching.

It comes in a tablet, a chewable tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a capsule, a liquid-filled capsule, and a liquid. Benadryl also comes in topical forms, such as creams, gels, and sprays, to treat allergic skin conditions such as hives.

Other common OTC brands that include the antihistamine diphenhydramine include:

  • ban
  • Siladryl
  • Unisom
  • Benadryl-D Allergy Plus Sinus
  • Robitussin严重多症状咳嗽冷+流感夜间
  • Sudafed PE Day/Night Sinus Congestion

Chlor-Trimeton

氯苯胺是氯中的主要活性成分。它有助于缓解流鼻涕，打喷嚏，发痒或水汪汪的眼睛，鼻子和喉咙从花粉发烧瘙痒。它还有助于缓解其他呼吸道过敏。

It comes in an immediate-release tablet, an extended-release tablet, a chewable tablet, a lozenge, a capsule, and a liquid.

Other common brands with chlorpheniramine as a main active ingredient include:

  • Aller-Chlor
  • Chlorphen-12
  • Alka-Seltzer Plus Cold & Cough Liquid Gels
  • 最大的最大强度
  • Comtrex

第一代抗组胺药的副作用

Some of the more common side effects of first-generation antihistamines can include:

  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth, nose, and throat
  • headache

Some side effects that are not as common include:

  • dizziness
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • loss of appetite
  • constipation
  • chest congestion
  • muscle weakness
  • 多动症，特别是儿童
  • nervousness

Some serious side effects can include:

  • vision problems
  • trouble urinating or pain with urinating

All of these side effects are more common in older people.

Warnings

If you have anenlarged prostatethat makes it difficult for you to urinate, you should talk to your doctor before using first-generation antihistamines. These drugs can make your urination problem worse. You should also talk to your doctor before using these drugs if you have any of these health concerns:

如果你用其他药物,它能使你昏昏欲睡,such as sedatives or tranquilizers, talk to your doctor before using first-generation antihistamines. You should also avoid drinking alcohol with any antihistamine because it can increase the side effect of drowsiness.

开发了较新的第二代和第三代OTC口服抗组胺药，以针对更多特异性受体的作用。这有助于降低副作用，包括嗜睡。此外，这些药物在您的身体中工作较长，因此您需要更少的剂量。

Zyrtec.

Cetirizine.是Zyrtec的主要活性成分。它有助于缓解流鼻涕，打喷嚏，瘙痒和水汪汪的眼睛，鼻子或喉咙从干草发烧和其他上呼吸过敏过敏瘙痒。Zyrtec也可用于帮助免受荨麻疹的发红和瘙痒。Zyrtec进入平板电脑，一种咀嚼片，一种溶解在口腔，液体填充胶囊和糖浆中的片剂。

其他常见的OTC品牌作为主要活性成分的Cetirizine包括：

  • Aller-Tec
  • Alleroff
  • Zyrtec.-D
  • Wal Zyr-D
  • Cetiri-D

Side effects

Some common side effects of Zyrtec can include:

  • drowsiness
  • headache
  • stomach pain

严重的副作用可以包括呼吸或吞咽困难。

Warnings

  • Talk to your doctor if you use the bronchodilator theophylline. Zyrtec can interact with this drug and increase your risk of side effects.
  • Avoid taking Zyrtec with alcohol. Although cetirizine causes less drowsiness than a first-generation antihistamine, it can still make you drowsy. Drinking alcohol while you take it can increase this drowsiness.
  • Talk to your doctor before using Zyrtec if you have liver or肾脏疾病。肝肾病既可以影响身体流程和清除西津的方法。
  • You should also talk to your doctor before using Zyrtec if you have哮喘。In rare cases, cetirizine has been shown to causebronchospasms。

Claritin.

Loratadine is the main active ingredient in Claritin. It helps relieve runny nose, sneezing, itchy, watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies. Claritin can also be used to treat hives. It comes in a tablet, a tablet that dissolves in your mouth, a chewable tablet, a liquid-filled capsule, and a syrup.

LorataDine也是这些其他OTC品牌中的主要活性成分：

  • Claritin.-D
  • Alavert
  • Alavert-D
  • 沃尔-ITIN.

Side effects

Some of the common side effects of Claritin can include:

  • headache
  • drowsiness

Claritin的严重副作用可包括过敏反应。症状可以包括：

  • rash
  • itching
  • 麻烦呼吸或吞咽
  • swelling of your face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes
  • hoarseness

Warnings

  • Talk to your doctor before using Claritin if you have liver or kidney disease. Liver and kidney disease can both affect how your body processes and removes loratadine. This can cause more of the drug to stay in your body and increase your risk of side effects.
  • You should also talk to your doctor before using Claritin if you have asthma. In rare cases, loratadine has been shown to cause bronchospasms.

Allegra

Fexofenadine是Allegra的主要活性成分。它有助于缓解流鼻涕，打喷嚏，发痒和水汪汪的眼睛，并由于花粉热或其他上呼吸过敏而瘙痒鼻子或喉咙。Allegra也可用于治疗荨麻疹和皮疹。它有一种片剂，一种溶解在你的嘴里，凝胶涂层胶囊和液体的片剂。

Side effects

Allegra的一些常见副作用可以包括：

  • headache
  • dizziness
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • 你的手臂，腿或背部疼痛
  • pain during menstrual periods
  • cough
  • upset stomach

Serious side effects of Allegra can include allergic reaction. Symptoms include:

  • hives
  • rash
  • itching
  • 麻烦呼吸或吞咽
  • swelling of your face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes

Warnings

  • 如果您占用Antifungal，请在使用Allegra之前与您的医生交谈ketoconazole，抗生素红霉素或利福平，或任何antacids。These drugs can all interact with Allegra to either increase your risk of side effects or decrease the effectiveness of Allegra.
  • Avoid drinking fruit juice while taking Allegra. Fruit juice can also decrease the amount of Allegra that your body absorbs. This can make the drug less effective.
  • If you have kidney disease, talk to your doctor before using Allegra. Kidney disease interferes with your body’s removal of Allegra. This can lead to an increased risk of side effects.

If you have allergies, you have a range of choices for OTC medications. These include brand-name antihistamines such as:

  • Benadryl.
  • Chlor-Trimeton
  • Zyrtec.
  • Claritin.
  • Allegra

如果您不确定哪种药物可能对您最适合，请与您的医生或药剂师交谈。如果您服用其他药物以治疗过敏症状，请确保活性成分与您想要采取的抗组胺药中的活性成分不同或在相同的药物课程中。你不想服用过多的任何特定药物。为了帮助防止这一点，始终与您的医生或药剂师联系。