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喉咙痛和皮疹概述
A sore throat occurs when your pharynx, or throat, becomes inflamed or irritated.
A rash is a change in the texture or color of your skin. Rashes can be itchy and raised, and can cause the skin to blister, look scaly, or feel sore. A rash’s nature and appearance can indicate possible causes.
Rashandsore throatare common symptoms of several infections and other conditions. Here are 11 possible causes.
Warning: Graphic images ahead.
Strep throat
- 这种细菌感染是由A组链球菌引起的。
- It’s transmitted through contact with droplets spread by the coughing and sneezing of infected people.
- Fever, sore, red throat with white patches, pain with swallowing, headache, chills, loss of appetite, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck are possible symptoms.
第五疾病
- Headache, fatigue, low fever, sore throat, runny nose, diarrhea, and nausea
- Children are more likely than adults to experience a rash
- Round, bright red rash on the cheeks
- Lacy-patterned rash on the arms, legs, and upper body that might be more visible after a hot shower or bath
手，脚和嘴病
- 通常影响5岁以下的儿童
- 痛苦的红水泡在嘴里，舌头和牙龈上
- 位于手掌和脚底的扁平或凸起的红色斑点
- Spots may also appear on the buttocks or genital area
Measles
- 症状包括发烧，喉咙痛，红色的眼睛，食欲不振，咳嗽和流鼻涕
- Red rash spreads from the face down the body three to five days after first symptoms appear
- Tiny red spots with blue-white centers appear inside the mouth
猩红热
- 在链球菌喉咙感染后的同时或直接发生
- Red skin rash all over the body (but not the hands and feet)
- 皮疹由微小的颠簸组成，使它感觉像“砂纸”
- Bright red tongue
成人发病
- 成人发病is an extremely rare inflammatory illness that often causes fever, fatigue, rash, and swelling in joints, tissues, organs, and lymph nodes.
- It’s characterized by episodes of flare-up and remission.
- 症状包括每天，反复出现的高温和身体酸痛。
- A recurring pink rash may accompany fevers.
- 成人发病的疾病会导致关节肿胀和关节疼痛。
- Other symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, abdominal pain, sore throat, pain associated with deep breathing, and unintentional weight loss.
West Nile virus
- 该病毒通过被感染的蚊子的叮咬传播。
- Infection causes a wide range of symptoms from mild, flu-like illness to meningitis and encephalitis.
- Fever, headache, body aches, back pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and rash on the back, chest and arms are other possible symptoms.
- Severe symptoms include confusion, numbness, paralysis, severe headache, tremors, and problems with balance.
严重的急性呼吸综合征（SARS）
- This is serious form of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS coronavirus.
- It’s transmitted from person to person via inhaling droplets from an infected person’s coughing and sneezing.
- No new cases of SARS have been reported since 2004.
- 常见症状包括发烧，发冷，身体酸痛，头痛，咳嗽，呼吸急促，胸痛，腹泻，喉咙痛和流鼻涕。
脊髓灰质炎
- 脊髓灰质炎是由攻击神经系统的病毒引起的一种高度传染性疾病，在极少数情况下可能导致瘫痪。
- Thanks to the invention of the polio vaccine and the global polio eradication initiative, the Americas, Europe, the Western Pacific, and Southeast Asia are polio-free.
- Signs and symptoms of nonparalytic polio include fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and meningitis.
- Signs and symptoms of paralytic polio include loss of reflexes, severe spasms and muscle pain, loose and floppy limbs, sudden paralysis, and deformed limbs.
Anaphylaxis
这种情况被认为是医疗紧急情况。可能需要紧急护理。
- 这是对过敏原暴露的威胁生命的反应。
- Rapid onset of symptoms occur after exposure to an allergen.
- These include widespread hives, itching, swelling, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, fainting, rapid heart rate.
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain are additional symptoms.
Infectious mononucleosis
- Infectious mononucleosis is usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- It mainly occurs in high school and college students
- Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, fatigue, night sweats, and body aches
- Symptoms may last for up to 2 months
A rash and sore throat can be inflammatory responses. Your body releases chemicals called histamines when you’re exposed to an allergen. While this is meant to be a protective mechanism, histamines can cause a skin rash and a swollen throat.
有时,皮疹和喉咙肿胀以及difficulty breathing may indicate a life-threatening reaction calledanaphylaxis。过敏通常是暴露于已知会引起过敏反应的事物的结果，例如蜜蜂刺或某些食物。
If you believe you or someone around you is experiencing anaphylaxis, call 911 immediately.
Viral and bacterial infections also can cause a rash and sore throat. These can include the following:
第五疾病
第五疾病is a viral infection that commonly affects children between the ages of 5 and 15. A sore throat may occur in the early stage of the illness and progress to a rash on the face. It then spreads to other parts of the body, including the chest, back, arms, and buttocks.
A rash is more likely to develop in children younger than 10 years old.
In addition to a rash and sore throat, fifth disease can cause cold-like symptoms including astuffyor流鼻涕。Some children have a low-grade fever and complain of aheadache。
Most children recover quickly. There’s no vaccine for fifth disease, but good hygiene such as regular hand-washing helps stop the spread of the infection.
单核细胞增多症
Commonly referred to as the “kissing disease,” this viral infection causes afever, sore throat, rash, and swollen lymph nodes.单核细胞增多症, or mono, is a contagious disease that spreads from person to person through contact with saliva and mucus. You can become ill after kissing someone with the virus, or sharing eating utensils and drinking glasses with an infected person.
症状通常在暴露于病毒后四到六周。可以在家中接受大量休息和疼痛药物来治疗发烧，喉咙痛和头痛。
However, a burst spleen is a potential complication of mono, as isjaundice。如果您在胃的上部遭受急剧，剧烈的疼痛，请立即去看医生，或者注意到皮肤或眼睛变黄。
链链球和猩红热
Strep throatis caused by the group AStreptococcusbacteria. The condition starts with a sore throat. Other symptoms of strep throat include:
- 喉咙里的白色斑块
- swollen glands
- fever
- enlarged tonsils
- difficulty swallowing
Some people may also have stomach pain, headaches, or a fever.
Your doctor can diagnose strep throat after a rapid strep test or throat culture. Treatment involves a course of antibiotics.
If you have strep throat, you’re at risk for developingscarlet fever, which is due to a bacterial toxin. A sign of scarlet fever is a telltale bright red rash over your body, which typically feels like sandpaper and may peel.
Some people who have scarlet fever also have a strawberry tongue, which appears red and bumpy.
如果你怀疑猩红热寻求治疗。如果勒ft untreated, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body including the kidneys, blood, and lungs. Rheumatic fever is a complication of scarlet fever and can affect your heart, joints, and nervous system.
您的医生会开出抗生素以治疗猩红热。
手，脚和嘴病
手，脚和嘴病is a highly contagious disease caused by coxsackievirus. It’s spread by coming into contact with surfaces contaminated by feces or through contact with the saliva, respiratory secretions, or stool of a person infected with hand, foot, and mouth disease.
Young children are at the highest risk of getting this infection. Symptoms, including sore throat, usually clear up within 10 days.
Measles
Measlesis known for its telltale rash that covers the body as the infection progresses. Other flu-like symptoms, like sore throat, fever, and runny nose, also appear in addition to the rash.
There is no real treatment for measles, so the best thing to do is get plenty of rest and drink fluids. To avoid getting measles in the first place, get the麻疹，腮腺炎，风疹（MMR）疫苗。
成人发病
成人发病（AOSD）is a rare inflammatory illness with primary symptoms that include high fever, joint pain, and a salmon-colored rash. AOSD can also cause a sore throat and swollen lymph nodes.
ASOD的特征是爆发和缓解。在整个一生中只能有一集，或者在时间范围内短短几个月。
西尼罗河病毒感染
West Nile virus (WNV)is transmitted by being bitten by a mosquito infected with the virus. It’s important to note that not all people bitten by these mosquitos will contract WNV.
症状通常在感染后3至14天内出现，可能包括：
- sore throat
- fever
- headache
- body aches
- swollen lymph nodes
- rash on chest, stomach, or back
防止WNV感染的最佳方法是使您的皮肤覆盖着长袖衬衫和裤子，穿驱虫剂，并清除房屋周围的任何积水。
SARS
严重的急性呼吸综合征（SARS）is a viral pneumonia first identified in 2003. Symptoms are similar to those of the flu and can include:
- sore throat
- fever
- dry cough
- loss of appetite
- 夜汗和发冷
- confusion
- diarrhea
- 呼吸问题（感染后10天大约）
研究人员正在为SARS进行疫苗，但目前尚无确认的治疗方法。没有任何报道的SARS病例
脊髓灰质炎
脊髓灰质炎是一种高度传染性的病毒，可攻击神经系统，在5岁以下的儿童中最常见。流感样症状，例如喉咙痛，是脊髓灰质炎的最常见症状。
Thanks to the polio vaccine developed in 1953 and the 1988 global polio eradication initiative, much of the world is now polio-free. Regions include:
- Americas
- Europe
- 西太平洋
- Southeast Asia
However, polio is still present in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria.
Allergic reactions that cause a rash and swollen throat can range from mild to severe. A severe reaction is known as anaphylaxis. This is a medical emergency that can affect breathing. Seek immediate medical treatment if you experience this reaction.
Make a doctor’s appointment if you have a fever that doesn’t subside within two to three days. This can be a sign of a viral or bacterial infection. Also, seek medical attention if a rash becomes unbearably itchy, your skin begins to flake and peel, or you feel you’re experiencing a medical emergency.
Treatment for a rash and sore, swollen throat depends on the cause. For example, antihistamine medications can treat a rash and swollen throat caused by an allergic reaction. In severe instances, epinephrine can help reduce swelling in the throat.
While viral infections can’t be cured with medication, bacterial infections can. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to reduce a bacterial infection’s symptoms and duration.
Your doctor also may prescribe or recommend a topical lotion or spray to reduce itching and discomfort from a rash.
Home care
Avoid scratching a rash to minimize its spread and prevent it from worsening and becoming infected. Keep the area dry and clean, using unscented, gentle soap and warm water. Applyingcalamine lotionorhydrocortisone creammay help reduce and soothe the rash.
Gargling with warm salt water can soothe a sore throat. Resting and drinking plenty of fluids may help sustain the energy your body needs to heal.
Take prescription medication as directed and until it’s gone to avoid a relapse — even if you feel better.
If you develop a swollen throat rapidly and have difficulty breathing, you should be evaluated immediately in an emergency room.
Frequent hand-washing helps control the spread of infection. This includes washing your hands after sneezing, before and after eating, and after direct contact with others.
Avoiding common allergens such as strongly scented cosmetics and cigarette smoke can reduce the likelihood of a reaction.