手,脚,和谅解备忘录th disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious infection. It’s caused by viruses from theEnterovirus属，最常见的是Coxsackievirus。

这些病毒可以通过直接接触未洗过的手或粪便污染的表面来蔓延到人。它也可以通过与人的唾液，粪便或呼吸分泌物接触来传播。

HFMD的特点是口腔中的水疱或疮，手脚上的皮疹。感染可能会影响所有年龄段的人，但它通常发生在5岁以下的儿童。

It’s generally a mild condition that goes away on its own within several days.

症状begin to develop 3 to 6 days after first getting the infection. This period is known as the incubation period. When symptoms do appear, you or your child may experience:

发烧和喉咙痛通常是HFMD的第一个症状。特征水泡和皮疹以后出现，通常在发烧开始后1或2天。

皮疹通常看起来像平坦的红色斑点。在较深的肤色中，斑点可能更难以看到，因此可以更容易地检查手掌以及条件可能更明显的脚部。

Lesions can appear on all surfaces of your hands and feet, but this is one of the few times a rash on your palms and soles occurs, which is why it’s easy to identify.

Most children with HFMD will also have painful sores in the mouth. Check their tongue — including the sides — and throat.

HFMD通常由Coxsackeigirus的菌株引起，最常见的Coxsackievirus A16。Coxsackeivirus是一组称为肠道病毒的病毒的一部分。在某些情况下，其他类型的肠病毒可能导致HFMD。

Viruses can be easily spread from person to person. You or your child may get HFMD through contact with a person’s:

  • 唾液
  • 来自水泡的流体
  • 屎
  • respiratory droplets that are sprayed into the air after coughing or sneezing

HFMD can also be transmitted through direct contact with unwashed hands or a surface containing traces of the virus.

幼儿拥有获得HFMD的最高风险。如果他们参加日托或学校，风险会增加，因为病毒可以在这些设施中迅速传播。

Children usually build up immunity to the disease after being exposed to the viruses that cause it. This is why the condition rarely affects people over age 10.

然而，年龄较大的儿童和成年人仍然可以获得感染，特别是如果它们削弱了免疫系统。

医生通常可以通过执行a诊断HFMD体检。他们会检查你的嘴和身体，以便出现水疱和皮疹。医生还将询问您或您的孩子对其他症状。

The doctor may take athroat swab要么stool sample测试病毒。这将允许他们确认诊断。

在大多数情况下，感染将在7至10天内没有治疗。但是，您的医生可能会建议某些治疗方法，以帮助缓解症状，直到疾病运行其课程。这些可以包括：

  • 处方或超柜台局部软膏给舒缓水疱和皮疹
  • pain medication, such as对乙酰氨基酚要么ibuprofen，减轻头痛
  • medicated syrups or lozenges to ease painful sore throats

You shouldn’t give aspirin to children for viral infections. Aspirin can lead toReye’s syndromein children.

Certain at-home treatments can also provide relief from HFMD symptoms. You can try the following home remedies to help make blisters less bothersome:

  • 吮吸冰片或冰棒
  • 吃冰淇淋或果蝠
  • drinking cold beverages
  • limiting citrus fruits, fruit drinks, and soda
  • 限制辛辣或咸的食物

在口中漱口温热的盐水也可能有助于缓解与嘴巴和喉疮相关的疼痛。您可以每天几次或根据需要经常完成此事。

You or your child should feel completely better 7 to 10 days after the initial onset of symptoms. Getting the infection again is uncommon. The body usually builds up immunity to the viruses that cause the disease.

Call a doctor immediately if symptoms get worse or don’t clear up within 10 days. In rare cases, coxsackievirus can cause a medical emergency.

HFMD的潜在并发症包括：

练习良好的卫生是对HFMD的最佳防守。经常洗手可以大大降低您获得此病毒的风险。

你可以教你的孩子如何使用热水和肥皂洗手。在进食之前使用洗手间后洗手，在公共场合之后很重要。

孩子们也应该没有把手或其他物体放在嘴边或附近。

It’s important to disinfect any common areas in your home on a regular basis. Try cleaning shared surfaces first with soap and water, then with a diluted solution of bleach and water.

您还应该消毒玩具，奶嘴和其他可能被病毒污染的物体。

如果您或您的孩子体验症状，如发烧或喉咙痛，请留在学校或工作之家。最好避免在水疱和皮疹发育中与他人接触。这可以帮助您避免将疾病传播给他人。