Intestinal worms, also known as parasitic worms, are one of the main types of intestinal parasites in humans. They’re most commonly found in subtropical and tropical regions, but some types are found in the United States.

Most intestinal worm infections only cause mild illness and can be treated with medication. Read on to learn more about intestinal worms including signs, symptoms, and treatment.

肠蠕虫的常见症状是：

肠道蠕虫的人也可能会经历痢。痢疾是肠道感染导致血液和粪便中的腹泻。肠蠕动也会导致直肠或外翻周围的皮疹或瘙痒。在某些情况下，您将在肠道运动中通过粪便中的蠕虫。

Some people may have intestinal worms for years without experiencing any symptoms.

在你的肠道蠕虫最终通过你的挖掘estive system and are excreted in your feces. Even if you don’t have any symptoms, you may find signs of worms in your stool.

Worms in human poop can take a number of appearances. For roundworms, you may find pieces of worms or large, live worms in your feces. For pinworms, you may see thin, white worms that appear like pieces of thread. Pinworms, which are about the length of a staple 那are sometimes visible around the anal region at night, when females lay their eggs on the surrounding skin.

医生可以在实验室中分析您的粪便样本，用于可以确认诊断的蠕虫或鸡蛋的迹象。

常见类型肠道蠕虫可以感染人类include:

  • flatworms, which include tapeworms and flukes
  • 蛔虫，导致蛔虫病，pin虫和钩虫感染

Tapeworms

Humans gettapewormsby eating raw or uncooked pork or beef. Species that infect humans include:

  • Taenia saginata(beef tapeworm)
  • Taenia solium(pork tapeworm)
  • 塔尼亚asiatica(Asian tapeworm)

It’s thought that fewer than 1,000 每年美国人民感染绦虫，尽管尚未知道确切的数字。绦虫只要 25 meters (82 feet) have been found in humans.

群体

More than70 typesof flukes can live in the human intestinal tract. They range from a fraction of an inch to several inches long. Humans can become infected by eating contaminated food or water. Flukes are most common in East and Southeast Asia.

皮瓣

估计更多 1 billion people in the world are infected with皮瓣，它们是最常见的蠕虫，感染北美人类。孩子们最常被感染。他们很容易在居住在近区的人之间传递。

Hookworms

它估计在 576 to 740 million people are infected withhookworms。他们曾经在美国曾常见，特别是在东南部，但他们变得不那么普遍，因为生活水平有所改善。大多数感染钩虫的人都没有症状。

Ascariasis

Ascariasisis an infection ofAscaris lumbricoidesand affects more than 800,000万 世界上的人。在美国很少见，但可能发生在东南农村。感染发生在受污染的食物或水中。成年蠕虫可以增长超过一个 脚 long. Usually, they don’t cause symptoms.

这是肠道蠕虫的样子的一个例子：

One way to become infected with intestinal worms is by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal, such as a cow, pig, or fish. Other possible causes leading to intestinal worm infection include:

Once you’ve consumed the contaminated substance, the parasite travels into your intestines. Then they reproduce and grow in the intestine. Once they reproduce and become larger in amount and size, symptoms may appear.

Children are particularly susceptible to intestinal worms because they often play in environments with contaminated soil, such as sandboxes and school playgrounds. Older adults are also at increased risk due to weakened immune systems.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 24 percent of the world’s population is infected with soil-transmitted worms. Infections are most common in tropical and subtropical regions, in particular, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, China, and East Asia.

People living in and visiting developing countries are at the highest risk due to drinking water from contaminated sources and decreased sanitation levels.

Intestinal worms increase your risk for贫血andintestinal blockages， 也malnutrition。Complications occur more frequently in older adults and in people who have suppressed immune systems, such as people withHIV/AIDSinfection.

肠道蠕虫感染能带来更高的风险if you’re pregnant. If you’re pregnant and are found to have an intestinal worm infection, your doctor will determine which antiparasitic medication therapy is safe to take during pregnancy and will monitor you closely while you are treated during pregnancy.

Most types of worms that infect humans only cause mild symptoms, but it’s still important to contact a doctor if you suspect a worm infection so you can get treated early. Medication is often effective at getting rid of worms.

It’s a good idea to see your doctor if you:

  • 在粪便中有血液或脓液
  • 每天或经常呕吐
  • 有一个elevated body temperature
  • are extremely fatigued and dehydrated
  • are losing weight for no obvious reason
  • 感到生病，有腹泻，或胃痛超过2 weeks
  • 在你的皮肤上有一个红色和瘙痒的皮疹，形状像蠕虫

如果您有任何上述迹象，特别是如果您最近在该国出货，则应与医生预约。然后医生可以检查你的凳子。它可能需要几个粪便样本来确认寄生虫的存在。

另一个测试是“苏格兰胶带”试验，这涉及几次将带施加到肛门，以检索诱捕蛋，这可以在显微镜下识别。

If worms or eggs are not detected, a doctor may carry out ablood test寻找身体在感染寄生虫时产生的抗体。然而，只有一些寄生虫可检测到血液测试。

此外，医生可能需要一个X-ray或使用成像测试，例如计算机断层扫描（CT）或磁共振成像（MRI）那depending on the extent or locations of the condition suspected.

某些类型的肠蠕虫，如绦虫，如果您有强烈的免疫系统和健康的饮食和生活方式，可能会自行消失。但是，根据肠蠕虫感染的类型，您可能需要用抗抗原药物治疗。

Your treatment plan will be determined based on the type of intestinal worm you have and your symptoms.

Tapeworm infections are usually treated with an oral medication, such as praziquantel (Biltricide), which:

  • paralyzes adult tapeworms
  • causes the tapeworms to detach from the gut
  • dissolve
  • pass out of your body through your stool

蛔虫感染的常见治疗包括兆唑（疟疾，艾弗姆）和阿贝扎唑（Albenza）。

Medications for intestinal worms are usually taken for1到3天。症状通常在几周内开始改善。在治疗完成后，您的医生将很有可能接受和分析另一个粪便样本，以查看蠕虫是否已消失。

To prevent intestinal worms, regularlywash your hands使用厕所前后的肥皂和热水，在准备或吃食物之前。

You should also practice food safety:

  • avoid raw fish and meat
  • thoroughly cook meat to temperatures of at least 145°F (62.8°C) for whole cuts of meat and 160°F (71°C) for ground meat and poultry
  • let cooked meat rest for 3 minutes before carving or consuming
  • freeze fish or meat to –4°F (–20°C) for at least 24 hours
  • wash, peel, or cook all raw fruits and vegetables
  • wash or reheat any food that falls on the floor

If you’re visiting developing countries, cook fruits and vegetables with boiled or purified water before eating, and avoid contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feces.