What is drooling?

Drooling is defined as saliva flowing outside of your mouth unintentionally. It’s often a result of weak or underdeveloped muscles around your mouth, or having too much saliva.

The glands that make your saliva are called the salivary glands. You have six of these glands, located on the bottom of your mouth, in your cheeks, and near your front teeth. These glands typically make 2 to 4 pints of saliva a day. When these glands make too much saliva, you may experience drooling.

Drooling is normal in the first two years of life. Infants don’t often develop full control of swallowing and the muscles of the mouth until they are between 18 and 24 months old. Babies might also drool when they’re teething.

Drooling is also normal during sleep.

Drooling can occur in people who have other medical conditions or neurological conditions, such ascerebral palsy.

Drooling can be a symptom of a medical condition ordevelopmental delay, or a result of taking certain medications. Anything that leads to excessive saliva production, difficulty swallowing, or problems with muscle control may lead to drooling.

Age

Drooling begins after birth and peaks between three and six months as infants become more active. This is normal, especially when going through the teething process.

Diet

Diets high in acidic content often cause excessive saliva production.

Neurological disorders

Certain medical conditions can put you at risk for drooling, particularly if they cause a loss of control of facial muscles. Neurologic conditions, such ascerebral palsy,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), orstrokemay cause muscle weakness that affects the ability to close the mouth and swallow saliva.

Other conditions

Drooling is usually caused by excess saliva in the mouth. Medical conditions such asacid refluxand pregnancy can increase saliva production. Allergies, tumors, and above-the-neck infections such asstrep throat,tonsil infection, andsinusitiscan all impair swallowing.

Drooling isn’t always treated. Doctors usually won’t recommend any treatment for someone under the age of 4 or who drools during sleep.

Treatment may be recommended when drooling is severe. Drooling may be considered severe if saliva drips from your lip to your clothing or your drooling interferes with your daily activities and creates social problems.

Excessive drooling can also lead to inhaling saliva into the lungs, which can causepneumonia.

Treatment options are looked at on a case-by-case basis, but generally your doctor will perform an assessment and come up with the management plan that works best for you.

The noninvasive approach includes trying things such as medication and oral motor therapy. In more serious cases, you and your doctor may consider a more invasive approach, including treatment options such as surgery andradiotherapy.

Therapy

Speech and occupational therapists teach positioning and posture control to help improve lip closure and swallowing. Your therapist will work with you on improving muscle tone and saliva control.

Therapists may also suggest that you see a dietitian to modify theamount of acidic foodsin your diet.

Appliance or dental device

A special device placed in the mouth helps with lip closure during swallowing. An oral prosthetic device, such as a chin cup or dental appliances, may help with lip closure as well as tongue position and swallowing. This option works best if you have some swallowing control.

Medications

Certain medications help reduce saliva production. These include:

  • Scopolamine (Transderm Scop), which comes as a patch and is placed on your skin to deliver the medication slowly throughout the day. Each patch lasts for 72 hours.
  • Glycopyrrolate (Robinul), which is given as an injection or in the form of a pill. This medication decreases your saliva production but can causedry mouthas a result.
  • Atropine sulfate, given as drops in the mouth. This is usually used for people during end-of-life care.

Botox injections

Botox injectionsmay help reduce symptoms of drooling by tightening facial muscles.

Surgical treatment

Several procedures are approved for the treatment of drooling. The most common reroutes the salivary ducts to the back of the mouth to prevent drooling outside of the mouth. Another procedure removes your salivary glands completely.

In children, drooling is a normal part of development. But if you notice excessive drooling or have any other concerns, consult your child’s doctor.

There are many medical conditions that cause drooling, so you should consult your doctor if you notice that you’re drooling excessively or uncontrollably. Many problems can be easily controlled with therapy or medication, but some conditions may require more serious treatment and highlight a more serious medical condition.

Following a healthy diet and listening to your body can help to alleviate some problems. For anything serious, your doctor can help you develop a treatment plan.