Lactic acidosis is a form of代谢性酸中毒, a condition in which there’s too much acid in the body. Lactic acidosis begins when a person’s body makes too much lactate or underuses lactate and isn’t able to adjust to these changes.

In people with lactic acidosis, problems with the liver (and sometimes with the kidneys) make these organs unable to remove extra acid from their bodies. If lactate builds up in the body faster than it can be removed, acid levels spike in bodily fluids like blood.

This buildup of acid causes an imbalance in the body’s pH level, which should always be slightly basic, or alkaline, instead of acidic. There are a few differenttypes of acidosis。

Lactate buildup occurs when there’s not enough oxygen in the muscles to break down, or metabolize, the blood sugars glucose and glycogen. Metabolism without oxygen is called anaerobic metabolism.

There are two forms of lactate: L-lactate and D-lactate. Most forms of lactic acidosis are caused by too much L-lactate.

There are two types of lactic acidosis, Type A and Type B:

  • 键入乳酸酸中毒is caused by a lowered amount of blood flow in the tissue, called hypoperfusion. Hypoperfusion can be caused by低血症（血容量降低），心脏衰竭,败血症(the spread of infection to the bloodstream), or心脏骤停(when the heart stops beating).
  • Type B lactic acidosis是由细胞功能受损和降低提单吗ood flow that’s limited to certain areas of tissue.

乳酸酸中毒具有许多原因，并且通常可以治疗。但如果留下未经处理的话，它可能是危及生命。

The symptoms of lactic acidosis are typical of many health conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should contact a doctor immediately. A doctor can help find the root cause.

与乳酸中毒相关的几种症状代表了医疗紧急情况：

  • 味道呼吸（可能是糖尿病严重并发症的可能症状ketoacidosis, which is caused by a buildup of chemicals known as ketones)
  • confusion
  • 黄疸（肝脏损伤引起的皮肤或白眼泛黄，可导致乳酸毒中毒）
  • trouble breathing or shallow, rapid breathing

如果您知道或怀疑您有乳酸性酸，并且有任何这些症状，请致电911或立即进入急诊室。

Other lactic acidosis symptoms include:

  • exhaustion or extreme fatigue
  • muscle cramps or pain
  • body weakness
  • overall feelings of physical discomfort
  • abdominal pain or discomfort
  • 腹泻
  • decrease in appetite
  • 头痛
  • rapid heart rate

乳酸酸中毒具有广泛的潜在原因，包括一氧化碳中毒,霍乱,疟疾, and suffocation. Some common causes include:

心脏病

状况如此心脏骤停和充血性心力衰竭may reduce the flow of blood and oxygen throughout the body. This can increase lactate levels.

Severe infection (sepsis)

任何类型的严重病毒或细菌感染都会导致败血症。患有败血症的人可能会在血流下降引起的乳汁中体验刺激。

HIV

HIV medications, likenucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors，可以导致乳酸水平飙升。它们也可能导致肝脏损坏。这使得身体更难以处理乳酸。

癌症

癌症cells create lactate. This buildup of lactate may accelerate as a person loses weight and the disease progresses.

Short bowel syndrome (short gut)

People with short gut may experience a buildup of D-lactate caused by bacterial overgrowth in the small bowel, although this is rare 。已经胃旁路手术的人也可能发展D-乳酸性酸中毒。

Acetaminophen use

Regular, frequent use of acetaminophen (Tylenol)可以引起lactic acidosis, even when it’s taken at the correct dosage. This is because it can cause an accumulation of pyroglutamic acid, an amino acid byproduct, in the blood.

Alcohol use disorder

在延长的一段时间内消耗太多酒可以导致乳酸中毒和“酒精酮症化。“如果留下未经处理的话，这种类型的酮酸是潜在的致命条件，但它可以与静脉内（IV）水化和葡萄糖组合。

Consuming too much alcohol can also lead to acute liver disease (hepatitis) or chronic liver disease (肝硬化), which are both associated with lactic acidosis.

Alcohol increases phosphate levels, which negatively impacts the kidneys. This makes the body’s pH more acidic. If you’re having trouble lowering your alcohol intake,support groupscan help.

广义滋补克隆癫痫发作

广义tonic-clonic seizures, formerly known as grand mal seizures, consist of tonic (stiffening) and clonic (twitching or jerking) phases of muscle activity caused by abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain.

A2016 study表明，观察到的滋补克隆癫痫发作和已知的癫痫患者在癫痫发作后2小时患有升高的乳酸水平迹象。

使用一些药物

肾上腺素如肾上腺素（用于治疗过敏反应）和氨基甲酸（用于治疗呼吸急促）的药物 2019年研究 to cause lactic acidosis.

In this study, 86 percent of ingested doses that caused lactic acidosis were Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-labeled doses.

A specific class of oral糖尿病药物called biguanides can cause a buildup of lactate levels.

Though not significantly associated with lactic acidosis risk,metformin（葡萄糖）是其中一种药物。它用于治疗糖尿病，也可用于其他条件。二甲双胍也用于治疗标签polycystic ovarian syndrome, a hormonal condition that causes ovaries to get larger and develop small growths.

In people with diabetes, lactic acidosis may be more of a concern if kidney disease is also present. If you have diabetes and experience any symptoms of lactic acidosis, call 911 or go to an emergency room immediately.

Lactic acidosis is diagnosed through a fasting blood test. A doctor may instruct you not to eat or drink anything for 8 to 10 hours before taking the test. You may also be instructed to lower your activity level in the hours leading up to the test.

During the test, your doctor may tell you not to clench your fist, as this may cause acid levels to spike. Tying an elastic band around the arm may also have this result.

For these reasons, blood may sometimes be taken from a vein on the back of the hand instead of from one in the arm for a lactic acidosis blood test.

治疗乳酸中毒的最佳方法是治疗其根本原因。因此，治疗变化。

乳酸性能有时是医疗紧急情况的标志。这种情况需要治疗症状，无论其根本原因如何。向组织增加氧气并给予IV fluidsare often used to lower lactic acid levels.

Depending on the root cause, treatments for lactic acidosis often result in full recovery, particularly if treatment is provided quickly. Sometimes, kidney failure or respiratory failure may result. When left untreated, lactic acidosis can be fatal.

如何防止乳酸性能也取决于可能的原因。如果您患有糖尿病，艾滋病毒或癌症，请与医生讨论您需要的病情和药物。

It’s very important to avoid misusing alcohol. Discuss treatment and 12-step program options with a doctor or counselor.