The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve. This is one of the heart’s four valves that help prevent blood from flowing backward as it moves through the heart.
Read on to learn more about the mitral valve, including its location and anatomy.
二尖瓣位于心脏的左侧，之间left atriumand left ventricle. Oxygen-rich blood flows into the left atrium from the pulmonary veins. When the left atrium fills with blood, the mitral valve opens to allow blood to flow to the left ventricle.
It then closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium. All of this happens in a matter of seconds as the heart beats.
二尖瓣有几个独特的功能，使其能够保持通过心脏的血液。
Leaflets
The mitral valve has two leaflets. These are projections that open and close.
One of the leaflets is called the anterior leaflet. This is a semicircular structure that attaches to two-fifths of the mitral valve’s area.
另一个被称为后传单。它连接到剩余的三分之一阀门。医生通常将后瓣分成三个扇贝，称为p1，p2和p3。
Commissures
二尖瓣的小组是前和后叶相遇的区域。
Chordae tendinae
The chordae tendinae are fan-shaped connective structures that connect the leaflets to papillary muscles in the heart. They help maintain the connection between the left ventricle and the mitral valve so it can open and close with less tension.
Zone of coaptation
The zone of coaptation is a rough area on the top side of the valve’s surface. It’s where the chordae tendinae attach the mitral valve to the papillary muscles.
This area makes up a small portion of the mitral valve, but any irregularities in it can prevent the valve from functioning properly.
Mitral annulus
二尖瓣环是连接到二尖瓣的环。它将组织连接到左心房和心室。
类似于传单，二尖瓣环具有前部和后部。
Several conditions can lead tomitral valve disease. This refers to any type of dysfunction of the mitral valve.
二尖瓣脱垂
二尖瓣脱垂是个most common二尖瓣修复原因在美国。当阀门完全关闭时，会发生这种情况，因为它松动。
二尖瓣脱垂doesn’t always cause symptoms. But in some people, it can cause mitral valve regurgitation, which can cause some symptoms.
Mitral valve regurgitation
二尖瓣反流是指通过二尖瓣和左心房向后流动的额外血液。这使得心脏工作难以移动血液，导致一个心脏扩大.
二尖瓣脱垂可引起二尖瓣反流。各种其他条件，包括一个心脏病发作要么rheumatic fever, can also cause it.
这种情况会导致一系列症状，包括：
- 心悸
- irregular heartbeat
- 气促
- swelling in legs or feet
- chronic cough
二尖瓣狭窄
二尖瓣狭窄当二尖瓣阀门没有有效地开放时发生。这导致通过阀门的血液更少。作为回应，心脏必须挤压更快，更快地通过心脏移动足够的血液。
Symptoms of mitral valve stenosis include:
- dizziness
- swollen feet
- 气促
- coughing up blood
- 胸痛
You can protect against mitral valve disease by making a few lifestyle adjustments:
- 减少你的钠摄入量通过避免加工的食物并限制您在烹饪时使用的盐量。
- Limit or avoid alcohol.
- Get at least 30 minutes of exercise more days of the week than not.
- 保持健康的体重以减少心脏上的工作量。