虽然您不应该忽略胸痛（心绞痛），但即使没有心脏病发作，有些人也会经历这种情况。医生或医疗保健专业人员可能会开处方抗管制药物，以减轻您的胸痛，无论您过去是否心脏病发作。GydF4y2Ba

继续阅读以了解更多有关抗管制药物及其在减轻疼痛和心脏健康中扮演的角色的信息。GydF4y2Ba

Angina is a symptom of ischemia to your heart. Ischemia is when proper blood flow is affected. When your heart doesn’t get enough blood or oxygen, chest pain can occur.

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  • Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress.
  • 不稳定的心绞痛是即使您休息的时候，您也会患有胸痛。这是一种紧急情况，需要立即医疗护理。GydF4y2Ba

These types of angina are what you might get specific medications to address.

Doctors primarily prescribe antianginal medications to help lower your chest pain from stable angina.

Some of these antianginal medications do help lower your risk of a heart attack, but others don’t.

现有三个主要类别的防心绞痛的药物st。GydF4y2Ba

β受体阻滞剂GydF4y2Ba

β受体阻滞剂prevent the stimulation of beta receptors in your heart. When stimulated, beta receptors can cause your heart to beat faster. In some people, a rapid heart rate causes chest pain because your heart is beating so fast that it can’t pump blood well.

经过slowing down your heart rate, beta-blockers also lower how much oxygen and blood your heart needs to work. This can help lower your chest pain.

β受体阻断剂的例子包括:GydF4y2Ba

  • metoprolol
  • LabetalolGydF4y2Ba
  • 一个tenolol
  • carvedilol

Their names usually end in -ol.

Calcium channel blockers

Calcium channel blockers减慢钙的速度流入您的心脏和血管中的细胞。结果，您的血管扩大了，您的心脏需要更少的氧气才能正常工作。这些效果有助于减轻胸痛。GydF4y2Ba

Some calcium channel blockers lower your heart rate, too. These include verapamil and diltiazem. If you take these medications with beta-blockers, your heart rate could get too low.

其他钙通道阻滞剂包括硝苯地平和氨氯地平。这些通常不会降低您的心律，但它们是GydF4y2Bavery effective vasoconstrictors。This effect can help lower your risk of ischemia and lower your chest pain.

硝酸盐GydF4y2Ba

硝酸盐一个re medications that cause your blood vessels to widen or dilate. This allows more oxygen-carrying blood to flow through your heart, which lowers your chest pain.

Doctors can prescribe short- or long-acting nitrates. Short-acting nitrates include medications such as sublingual (goes under your tongue) and spray nitroglycerin.

那些经历胸痛的人是使用喷雾或舌下片剂GydF4y2Baonce every five minutes你nt一世lyour chest pain goes away. If it doesn’t go away after three doses, call 911 or local emergency services.

If you’re having a heart attack, a doctor may give you nitroglycerin to help reduce your symptoms until you receive treatment. The nitroglycerin isn’t necessarily treating your heart attack, but it could help your symptoms.

Long-acting nitrates

长效硝酸盐药物包括硝酸甘油，异氧化剂二硝酸盐和异森林单硝酸盐。忠实于它们的描述，这些药物的工作时间比短效硝酸盐的时间更长，以减轻您的胸痛。硝酸甘油以药丸形式获得，也可以通过慢慢释放药物的特殊贴片应用。GydF4y2Ba

这些药物是GydF4y2Basecond-line therapies。This means doctors won’t usually prescribe them first but may prescribe them if you can’t take beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers or if these medications aren’t working well enough to lower your chest pain.

每类抗管制药物都有副作用。重要的是要与医生讨论这些问题，以便您知道预期和需要得到医疗服务需要什么。其中一些GydF4y2Bacommon side effectsof each medication include:

  • β受体阻滞剂GydF4y2Ba：GydF4y2Batoo-low heart rate, fatigue, depression, heart block, dizziness when standing, impotence, and can mask the effects of low blood sugar
  • Calcium channel blockers:心率低，便秘，牙龈肿胀和心脏块GydF4y2Ba
  • 硝酸盐：GydF4y2Ba低血压，潮红和头痛GydF4y2Ba

这些副作用可能会使您无法服用某些抗统治药物。如果您的心率较低，则尤其如此。GydF4y2Ba

在一个GydF4y2Ba l一个rge observational study on people with stable ischemic heart disease, taking antianginal drugs lowered their overall risk of death by 25% and death specifically from myocardial infarction (a heart attack) by 17%. Researchers didn’t break down the specific types of antianginal medications a person took. But they concluded taking at least one antianginal medication helped to lower a person’s risk of a heart attack.

但GydF4y2Ba 其他研究GydF4y2Ba exist that have found these drugs don’t decrease your likelihood for having a heart attack. But the medications may make symptoms of heart attacks less severe.

Still,其他研究GydF4y2Bas一个y beta-blockers help to lower your risk of a heart attack if you’ve had a heart attack before. Nitrates and calcium channel blockers don’t lower your risk of a heart attack.

There’s a lot of research to be done to figure out the benefits of antianginal drugs besides lowering chest pain.

When you should contact a doctor

如果您的胸痛无法通过短效硝酸盐治疗解决，则应致电911或当地紧急服务。这种症状表明您可能会心脏病发作，需要立即治疗。GydF4y2Ba

You should call a doctor if you notice you’re getting chest pain more often or you’re able to exert yourself less (even if using short-acting nitrates still works). These symptoms can mean your 稳定的心绞痛变成不稳定的心绞痛GydF4y2Ba ，您可能需要其他医疗。GydF4y2Ba

抗气药可以帮助消除缺血可能发生的痛苦，挤压感觉。研究尚未确定地表明这些药物降低了心脏病发作的风险，尽管有些人认为β受体阻滞剂可能会降低您的心脏病发作风险。如果您怀疑自己心脏病发作，请致电911或当地紧急服务，如果医生向您开处方，请服用硝酸甘油。GydF4y2Ba