What is an intracranial hemorrhage?

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) refers to acute bleeding inside your skull or brain. It’s a life-threatening emergency. You should go to the emergency room right away or call 911 if you think you or someone you know is experiencing ICH.

There are four types of ICH:

  • 硬膜外血肿
  • 软骨血肿
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • intracerebral hemorrhage

Epidural hematoma

A hematoma is a collection of blood, in a clot or ball, outside of a blood vessel. An硬膜外血肿occurs when blood accumulates between your skull and the outermost covering of your brain.

It typically follows ahead injury，通常有一个颅骨骨折。High-pressure bleeding is a prominent feature. If you have an epidural hematoma, you may briefly lose consciousness and then regain consciousness.

软骨血肿

A软骨血肿is a collection of blood on the surface of your brain.

这通常是你的头部迅速前进和停止的结果，例如在车祸中。但是，它也可以暗示儿童滥用。这是儿童在被动摇时的体验类型的运动类型。

A subdural hematoma is more common than other ICHs in older people and people with history of heavy alcohol use.

蛛网膜下腔出血

Asubarachnoid hemorrhageis when there’s bleeding between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain. These tissues are calledmeninges。最常见的原因是创伤，但它也可能是由大脑中的主要血管破裂引起的，例如来自intracerebral aneurysm。

A sudden, sharp headache usually comes before a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Typical symptoms also include loss of consciousness and vomiting.

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhageis when there’s bleeding inside of your brain. This is the most common type of ICH that occurs with astroke。It’s not usually the result of injury.

一个突出的警告标志是神经系统缺陷的突然发作。这是您大脑功能的问题。症状在几分钟内进展。它们包括：

  • 头痛
  • 难以说
  • nausea
  • 呕吐
  • decreased consciousness
  • 疲软的一个部分ody
  • elevated blood pressure

大多数ICHS都是由于头部受伤。任何让您面临头部伤害风险的活动或生活方式的选择可能会导致ICH。

Factors that increase your risk include:

The signs and symptoms of ICH vary depending on the type, but they usually include:

  • 突然和严重头痛
  • 与最近对你的头部打击相关的头痛
  • 轻度和持久的头痛
  • 头痛伴随着颈部僵硬
  • confusion
  • 睡意
  • 在24小时内呕吐超过两次
  • seizure
  • 昏迷

在孩子们

ICH in a child can indicate child abuse. The damage may be the result of a blow to the head or by shaking the child. This can lead toshaken baby syndrome。This is a condition that occurs when violent shaking leads to serious brain damage in a child.

其他儿童虐待迹象是：

  • swollen head
  • 视网膜出血
  • 呕吐
  • seizure
  • 无意识
  • 不同年龄段的武器和腿部的骨折

婴儿少于12个月，可能会发展肿胀的福纳尔或软点。

Report suspected child abuse right away by calling 911 or 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453).

The first step your doctor will take to diagnose ICH is a CT scan of your head. ACT扫描可以在肿胀或凝块中显示大脑中的异常。

CT扫描可能不会显示ICH的任何符号。如果您仍然有症状，您的医生可能会选择执行alumbar puncture, or spinal tap, to test the fluid that cushions your spine and brain.

Ich是医疗紧急情况。生存取决于立即获得治疗。

It may be necessary to operate to relieve thepressure on the skull。Drilling a small hole in the skull releases blood. Drilling a larger hole or removing a piece of the skull may be necessary to remove ablood clot。

药物

The following drugs may be necessary:

An ICH can lead to any of the following complications:

  • seizures
  • paralysis
  • 头痛s
  • brain development problems in children
  • 记忆丧失
  • 头晕
  • 难以集中

Basic preventive measures that can help avoid head injuries include the following:

  • 骑自行车，摩托车，滑板或滑板车务必戴头盔。
  • Always wear your seatbelt.
  • 如果你是老年人，尽量避免跌倒。
  • Call 911 or 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453) to report suspected child abuse.

前景取决于出血的严重程度以及您获得医疗保健的速度。请记住，Ich是一种危及生命的病情。

Depending on the severity of the hemorrhage, draining a hematoma can lead to recovery. Physical or occupational therapy is sometimes needed to help you return to normal activities.