Weight loss is associated with numerous physical and mental health benefits and generally seen as a positive thing.
但是,您的大脑更担心阻止您挨饿,并不一定会这样。
当您减轻很多体重时,您的身体开始试图通过减少燃烧的卡路里数量来节省能量(
它还使您感到饥饿,更懒惰,并增加食物的渴望。
这些效果会导致您停止减肥,并可能使您感到如此痛苦,以至于您放弃了减肥工作并恢复体重。
这种现象是您大脑保护您免受饥饿的自然机制,通常称为“饥饿模式”。
本文调查了饥饿模式的概念,包括您可以采取的措施来防止它发生。
人们通常称之为“饥饿模式”(有时是“代谢损害”)是您身体对长期的自然反应calorie restriction。
它涉及通过减少卡路里支出以维持能量平衡并防止饥饿来响应减少卡路里摄入量的人体。
This is a natural physiological response, and the technical term for it is “adaptive thermogenesis” (
饥饿模式一词是错误的,因为真正的饥饿与大多数减肥讨论几乎完全无关。
Starvation mode is a useful physiological response, although it does more harm than good in the现代食品环境肥胖猖獗的地方。
肥胖是一种过量能量积累的疾病。
人体将能量(卡路里)放入其脂肪组织中,将其存储在以后使用。
If more calories enter your fat tissue than leave it, you gain fat. Conversely, if more calories leave your fat tissue than enter it, you lose fat.
Allweight loss dietscause a reduction in calorie intake. Some do so by controlling calorie intake directly (counting calories, weighing portions, etc.), while others do so by reducing appetite so that you eat fewer calories automatically.
When this happens, the number of calories leaving your fat tissue (calories out) becomes greater than the number of calories entering it (calories in). Thus, you lose fat, which your body views as the beginning of starvation.
As a result, your body fights back, doing everything it can to make you stop losing.
身体和大脑可以通过使您感到饥饿(以便您吃得更多,加剧卡路里)来做出反应,但它们也会影响您燃烧的卡路里数量(卡路里)。
Starvation mode implies that your body reduces calories out to restore energy balance and stop you from losing any more weight, even in the face of continued calorie restriction.
This phenomenon is very real, but whether it’s so powerful that it can prevent you from losing weight — or even cause you to体重增加despite continued calorie restriction — is not as clear.
SummaryWhat people refer to as “starvation mode” is the body’s natural response to long-term calorie restriction. It involves a reduction in the number of calories your body burns, which can slow weight loss.
The number of calories you burn in a day can be split into four components.
- 基础代谢率(BMR)。BMR是您的身体用于维持重要功能的卡路里数量,例如呼吸,心率和大脑功能。
- 食物的热效应(TEF)。这是消化一顿饭时燃烧的卡路里数量,通常约占卡路里摄入量的10%。
- 运动的热效应(TEE)。TEE是体育锻炼期间燃烧的卡路里数量,例如运动。
- 非运动活性热发生(整洁)。整洁的是燃烧的烦躁不安,姿势等等的卡路里数量。这通常是潜意识的。
当您减少卡路里并减轻体重时,这四个测量值的水平可能会降低。这是由于运动的减少(有意识和潜意识)以及神经系统和各种激素的功能的重大变化(
最重要的激素是瘦素,甲状腺激素和去甲肾上腺素。所有这些激素的水平都可以随着卡路里的限制而降低(
SummaryThere are several ways in which the body burns calories, all of which can exhibit decreased activity when you restrict calories for a long time.
研究表明weight lossreduces the number of calories you burn (
根据一项大型评论,每磅损失每天每天5.8卡路里,或每公斤12.8卡路里。但是,这在很大程度上取决于您减肥的速度。由于轻度卡路里限制而导致的缓慢和逐渐减肥不会减少您在相同程度上燃烧的卡路里数量(
For example, if you were to lose 50 pounds (22.7 kg) quickly, your body would end up burning 290.5 fewer calories per day.
此外,卡路里支出的减少可能要比体重变化所预测的要大得多。
实际上,一些研究表明,减少和维持10%的体重可以降低15-25%的卡路里(
这就是为什么减肥随着时间的流逝往往会放慢的原因之一,也是为什么很难保持体重减轻的原因。你可能需要吃更少的卡路里无限期。
请记住,这种代谢“放缓”在某些群体中很难减肥的团体,例如绝经后女性。
Muscle mass tends to decrease
减肥的另一个副作用是肌肉质量倾向于减少(
肌肉是代谢活跃的,全天候燃烧卡路里。
但是,卡路里支出的减少大于仅肌肉质量减少所能解释的。
身体在工作方面变得更加有效,因此比以前更少的能量要进行相同的工作(
因此,卡路里限制使您消耗的卡路里更少来进行体育活动。
SummaryWeight loss and reduced calorie intake can lead to reduced calorie burning. On average, this amounts to about 5.8 calories per pound (12.8 calories per kg) of lost body weight.
A reduced metabolic rate is simply a natural response to reduced calorie intake.
尽管可能不可避免地减少卡路里燃烧,但您可以做很多事情来减轻效果。
举重
您可以做的最有效的事情是抵抗运动。
The obvious choice would be to举重,,,,but bodyweight exercises can work just as well.
研究表明,耐药性运动在饮食时会带来抗药性,在肌肉上施加抵抗,可能会带来重大好处。
In one study, three groups of women were placed on a diet providing 800 calories daily.
一组被指示不运动,一个进行有氧运动(有氧运动),而第三组进行了抵抗运动(
Those in the groups that either didn’t exercise or did aerobic exercise lost muscle mass and experienced significant reductions in metabolic rate.
However, the women who did resistance exercise maintained their metabolic rate, muscle mass, and strength levels.
在许多研究中已经证实了这一点。体重减轻会降低肌肉质量和代谢率,耐药性运动可以(至少部分)阻止其发生(
保持蛋白质高
Protein在减肥时是大量营养素的国王。
具有高蛋白质摄入量可以减少食欲(卡路里),并使新陈代谢(卡路里)每天减少80-100卡路里(卡路里)(卡路里)
它也可以减少渴望,深夜零食和卡路里摄入量(
请记住,只需将蛋白质添加到饮食中,而无需自觉地限制任何东西,就可以从蛋白质中获取蛋白质的好处。
也就是说,足够的蛋白质摄入量对于防止长期体重减轻的不利影响也很重要。
当您的蛋白质摄入量很高时,您的身体将不太倾向于分解肌肉的能量或蛋白质。
这可以帮助保存肌肉质量,这应该(至少部分)防止体重减轻带来的代谢放缓(
从饮食中休息可能会有所帮助|休息
有些人喜欢例行包含灌注,这涉及从饮食中休息几天。
在这些天,他们可能会稍微吃掉维护,然后几天后继续饮食。
有证据表明,这可以暂时提高一些随体重减轻的降低的激素的水平,例如瘦素和甲状腺激素(
它也可能是有用的to take a longer break, as in a few weeks.
只要确保意识到休息期间您的饮食即可。在维护时或略微结束食物,但不要再开始增加脂肪。
Intermittent fasting尽管研究提供了矛盾的结果,但也可能会有所帮助。与连续卡路里限制相比,一些研究报告说,间歇性禁食会降低适应性的热发生,而其他研究则显示出增加或相似的作用(
Summary举重和保持蛋白质摄入量很高是减少体重减轻期间肌肉损失和代谢放缓的两种循证方法。从饮食中休息也可能会有所帮助。
当您首次尝试减肥时,您可能会经历快速的结果。
在开始的几周和几个月中,体重减轻可以迅速发生,而无需太多努力。
但是,此后情况可能会放慢。在某些情况下,减肥的速度如此之大,以至于没有任何明显的运动量表就可以过去几周。
但是,weight loss plateaucan have many different causes (and solutions), and it doesn’t mean that you aren’t losing weight.
For example,water retention通常可以给人以减肥高原的印象。
Summary尽管您第一次尝试减轻体重时会迅速效果,但减肥可能会放慢或完全停止。这被称为减肥高原,可以具有许多原因和解决方案。
Starvation mode is real, but it’s not as powerful as some people think.
随着时间的流逝,它可以减慢体重的减轻,但是尽管限制了卡路里,也不会导致您增加体重。
这也不是“开和关”现象。|相反,它是您身体的整个范围,可适应增加或减少卡路里摄入量。
实际上,饥饿模式是一个误导性的术语。诸如“代谢适应”或“代谢放缓”之类的东西将更加合适。
The effect is simply the body’s natural physiological response to reduced calorie intake. Without it, humans would have become extinct thousands of years ago.
Unfortunately, this protective response can cause more harm than good when overfeeding is a much greater threat to human health than starvation.