营养和exercise are two of the most important factors for your overall health.

更重要的是,两个因素相互影响。

Proper nutrition can fuel your exercise and help your body recover and adapt.

然而,一个常见问题是在运动之前或之后是否吃。

如果你在早上锻炼第一件事,这可能是特别相关的。

这就是你在锻炼之前或之后吃的一切。

研究表明,您的身体对运动的反应可以根据您在运动前是否吃东西而不同。

Exercising Fasted Increases Your Body’s Ability to Use Fat for Fuel

Your body’s primary sources of fuel are body fat and carbohydrates.

Fat is stored as triglycerides in fat tissue, while carbs are stored in your muscles and liver as a molecule called glycogen.

碳水化合物也可以血糖的形式提供。

Studies show that blood sugar is higher before and during exercise when you eat before working out ( 1 ,2)。

这是有道理的,因为这些研究中的大部分前运动膳食都提供了碳水化合物,该碳水化合物在运动期间用于能量的身体。

When exercising on an empty stomach, more of your body’s energy needs are met by the breakdown of body fat.

在273名参与者中发现,在禁食运动期间,脂肪燃烧更高,而在非禁食运动期间葡萄糖和胰岛素水平较高( 3 )。

碳水化合物和脂肪代谢之间的这种权衡是您身体自然能力的一部分,在没有最近的一餐( 4 )。

Exercising Fasted May Not Lead to a Greater Loss of Body Fat

鉴于当你的身体燃烧时,你的身体燃烧更多的能量,认为这将导致更大的脂肪损失随着时间的推移。

One study demonstrated different responses in individuals who exercised in the fasted state, compared to those who ate before exercise ( 5 )。

Specifically, the ability of the muscles to burn fat during exercise and the ability of the body to maintain its blood sugar levels were improved with fasted exercise, but not fed exercise.

Because of this, some scientists believe that your body’s response to exercising fasted would cause more beneficial changes in body fat than exercising after eating (6)。

然而,尽管有一些证据表明拍摄禁食的潜在好处,但没有强有力的证据表明禁食运动会导致更大的体重或脂肪损失(7)。

Although limited research has been conducted, two studies showed no difference in fat loss between women who exercised fasted and those who exercised after eating ( 8 , 9 )。

概括

您的身体对锻炼的回应是根据您在运动前吃的不同之处。锻炼禁食会导致你的身体使用更多的脂肪来能量。然而,研究并没有表明这转化为更大的体脂损失。

Many people who want to perform at their best wonder if exercising fasted will harm their performance.

有些研究试图回答这个问题。一分析检查了是否在锻炼之前进食的23项研究( 1 )。

大多数研究表明,在有氧运动前持续不到一个小时的人和那些没有(10,11, 12 )。

Other studies examininghigh-intensity interval training (HIIT)在禁食和美联储运动之间的性能方面也发现没有差异( 13 ,14,15)。

虽然有限的信息可用于体重培训,但有些研究表明,禁食或喂养可能产生类似的结果( 16 )。

在这些研究中没有看到在短期锻炼之前清楚饮食益处的一个原因可能是由于身体自己的能量商店。

Your body stores approximately 2,000 calories as glycogen and much more in body fat ( 17 ,18)。

所有存储的能量都允许您锻炼,即使您没有吃过几个小时。

也就是说,当在运动前消耗碳水化合物的膳食或补充剂时,一些研究表明了改善(19, 20 )。

在短期锻炼之前进食确实可以在某些人中提高性能,最佳选择可能因个人而异。

概括

大多数研究在短时间内的有氧运动或间歇性运动如高度的情况下,没有表现出清楚的益处。然而,一些研究表明,在运动之前进食改善了性能。

大幅分析持续时间超过一小时的运动,发现54%的研究报告在运动前食物消耗时更好的性能( 1 )。

大多数研究表明锻炼前喂养的好处提供了一种主要由碳水化合物组成的膳食。

在运动前消耗较慢的消化碳水化合物或吃几个小时可能会使长期性能受益。

For endurance athletes, other research has shown benefits of eating a high-carb meal three to four hours before exercise ( 21 )。

在锻炼前的时间内消耗碳水化合物可能会有所好处( 22 )。

总体而言,与较短持续时间锻炼相比,存在更强大的证据支持更长持续时间锻炼之前的饮食益处。

然而,一些研究显示出锻炼前的膳食没有好处( 1 )。

概括

尽管some mixed results have been reported, eating before long-duration exercise is probably beneficial. Recommendations to consume a meal three or more hours before exercise are common, but there may be benefits to eating sooner before exercise.

虽然重要性eating before a workout可能会根据情况而有所不同,大多数科学家都同意在运动后吃东西是有益的。

Research shows that some nutrients, particularly protein and carbs, can help your body recover and adapt after exercise.

Eating After Exercise Is Especially Important If You Work Out Fasted

如果您在锻炼前几个小时内吃,您摄取的营养素仍然可能在运动期间和锻炼后的高浓度存在( 23 )。

In this case, these nutrients can aid recovery. For example, amino acids can be used to build up proteins, while carbs can replenish your body’s glycogen stores ( 24 )。

但是,如果您选择禁食,您的身体使用自己的能源商店推动了您的锻炼。更重要的是,有限的营养需用于恢复。

在这种情况下,它是特别重要的哟u eat something relatively soon after exercise.

一项研究检查了在禁食后含有蛋白质和碳水化合物的膳食是否导致您体内蛋白质的产生增加,而无需消耗营养素( 25 )。

尽管there was no difference in how much new protein the body made, eating after exercise did reduce the amount of protein breakdown.

How Soon After Exercise?

尽管锻炼后吃饭重要的是,有些研究表明,可能没有必要吃完锻炼的第二次。

For example, one study examined how well the carbohydrate stores (glycogen) in muscle were recovered after two hours of cycling (26)。

During one trial, participants began eating immediately after exercise, while they waited two hours before eating in the other trial.

肌肉在运动后八或24小时内肌肉储存肌肉储存没有差异,表明等待两小时吃并不有害。

其他研究审查了重要性消耗蛋白质immediately after exercise has shown mixed results.

虽然一些研究表明,运动后立即消耗蛋白质是有益的肌肉生长,但其他人表现出几个小时的不利影响( 23 )。

根据现有证据,一旦锻炼后,一旦可行的建议就是一项合理的建议。

再次,在运动后尽快进食可能更重要,如果你选择在没有事先吃东西的情况下。

概括

在运动的时间内获得营养素很重要。如果你在运动前不吃东西,请在运动后尽快吃饭。消耗蛋白可以帮助修复肌肉和其他组织,而碳水化合物可以帮助恢复糖原储存。

虽然研究在运动前照亮了进食或禁食的影响,但最重要的因素可能是个人偏好。

Eating before exercise may be more important for particular groups, such as high-level athletes and those performing long-duration exercise ( 27 )。

However, most active individuals can make great progress when exercising fasted or fed.

Thus, your personal preference about when you eat relative to exercise should play the biggest role in your decision.

For some people, eating soon before exercise can make them feel sluggish or nauseous. Others feel weak and fatigued without having something to eat before working out.

如果您在早上锻炼,当您醒来时的持续时间和锻炼可能会影响您的选择。

如果你在醒来后立即出去跑步或健身房,你可能没有时间在锻炼前妥善解决。

您在饮食和锻炼之间的时间越少,锻炼前的含量越小。这有助于防止运动期间充满活跃和不适感。

如讨论的那样,消耗有益的营养素瘦蛋白质和carbs from nutrient-dense foods is important in the hours surrounding exercise.

However, you have the freedom to choose whether to consume these before exercise, after exercise, or both.

概括

个人偏好应该确定你是否在运动之前或之后吃。锻炼前的饮食可能对高级运动员和那些运动长期持续的人来说更为重要,但大多数人都可以获得不可分割的锻炼的好处。

在运动前是否吃东西是一种常见的困境,特别是对于那些在醒来后不久的人锻炼的人。

虽然在没有吃东西的情况下锻炼可以提高你身体使用脂肪的燃料的能力,但这并不一定转化为更大的身体脂肪损失。

在绩效方面,在短期锻炼前对饮食的重要性有限。在更长持续时间的活动之前饮食可能更有益。

锻炼前的饮食也可能对不想冒险履行其表现的高级运动员来说更为重要。

尽管you don’t have to eat before working out, getting nutrients in the hours around exercise is important.

Therefore, if you don’t eat before you exercise, try to eat soon after you exercise.

Overall, personal preference should be the main factor when deciding whether or not to eat before working out.