便秘和泻药

The parameters forconstipationvary from person to person.

Generally, if you have difficulty emptying your bowels and have fewer than three bowel movements a week, you likely have constipation.

如果这些不频繁的排便和通过粪便的困难持续数周或更长时间，您将被认为是chronic constipation.

A laxative is a medicine that stimulates or facilitates bowel movements. There are different types of laxatives available that don’t require a prescription.

尽管这些泻药在您的药店或在线时，您应该与您的医生或药剂师谈论您的需求，以及哪种类型可能是最好的。

有五种主要类型柜台过度（OTC）泻药:

Oral osmotics

口服，渗透学通过将水绘制进入结肠来使大便变得更容易。热门品牌的渗透学包括：

口腔散装机

口服，散装机prompt normal intestinal muscle contraction by absorbing water to form a soft, bulky stool. Popular brands of bulk formers include:

  • Benefiber
  • citrucel.
  • fibercon.
  • Metamucil

Oral stool softeners

口服，粪便柔软剂就像名称一样，它们使得硬凳更柔软，更容易通过较少的压力。热门品牌的大便柔软剂包括：

  • Colace
  • shoshak.

Oral stimulants

口服，stimulants encourage bowel movements by triggering rhythmic contractions of the intestinal muscles. Popular brands of stimulants include:

  • Dulcolax
  • 塞科特

Rectal suppositories

Taken rectally, these suppositories soften stool and trigger rhythmic contractions of the intestinal muscles. Popular brands of suppositories include:

  • Dulcolax
  • Pedia-Lax

Following are the common potential side effects of the five primary types of OTC laxatives.

Oral osmotics

Possible side effects include:

Oral bulk-formers

Possible side effects include:

  • 腹胀
  • 气体
  • 痉挛
  • increased constipation (if not taken with enough water)

Oral stool softeners

Possible side effects include:

  • loose stools

Oral stimulants

Possible side effects include:

Rectal suppositories

Possible side effects include:

  • 痉挛
  • 腹泻
  • rectal irritation
与任何OTC药物一样，仔细阅读泻药标签并与您的医生或药剂师交谈，看看它是否为您和您当前的健康状况是一种可行的选择。

Just because laxatives are available OTC doesn’t mean that they’re without risks. If you’re considering using laxatives, understand that risks can include:

与其他药物相互作用

在其他药物中，泻药可以与某些心脏药物，抗生素和骨药物相互作用。

此信息通常在标签上。但要安全，请向您的医生或药剂师询问您正在考虑的泻药以及如何与您所订明的其他药物互动。

并发症

If your constipation is caused by another condition — such asdiverticulosis- 频繁或长期的泻药可以通过降低冒号的合同能力来恶化便秘。

The exception is bulk-forming laxatives. These are safe to take every day.

Dehydration

If laxative use results in diarrhea, your body can becomedehydrated. Diarrhea can also lead toelectrolyte imbalance.

哺乳

如果您是母乳喂养，一些成分可以通过母乳通过婴儿，可能导致腹泻或其他问题。在使用任何泻药之前与医生交谈。

Dependency

过度使用泻药（除了散装成型器之外）可能导致肠损失肌肉和神经反应，这可能导致伴有泻药具有肠道运动。

如果你发现自己在这种情况下,你的doctor should have suggestions on how to remedy laxative dependency and restore your colon’s ability to contract.

当您有便秘并使用泻药时，如果您在持续时间超过七天的便秘情况下遇到无法解释的肠果或便秘情况（即使使用泻药），请预约您的医生。

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience:

如果您没有完成，您将不需要泻药。

为了帮助治疗便秘并在将来避免它，考虑使这些饮食和生活方式变化：

  • Adjust your diet so you’re eating morehigh-fiber food，如新鲜水果和蔬菜，全谷物谷物和麸皮。
  • Reduce your consumption of low-fiber foods, such as processed foods and dairy products.
  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • Get常规运动.
  • Manage stress.
  • When you feel the urge to pass stool, don’t ignore it.
  • 为肠道运动创建定期的计划，例如饭后。

对于偶尔便秘的治疗，您可以选择许多安全，有效的OTC泻药。如果您决定使用一个，请仔细阅读标签方向，并仅按照指示使用它。

与您的医生或药剂师谈谈，帮助选择不会与您正在采取或以其他方式投入风险的其他药物互动的泻药。

If you have chronic constipation, see your doctor. They can tailor a plan of medication, diet, and lifestyle changes to help you treat and avoid future problems with bowel movements.