在每个生命阶段,您选择的运动可以帮助或阻碍您的荷尔蒙平衡。
Regardless of age, it’s important for women to appreciate the complexity of the hormonal changes they experience throughout their lifetime.
Given that each life stage may present unique hormonal side effects and challenges, exercise must be adapted appropriately to enhance quality of life and provide a sense of symbiosis with one’s anatomy.
这是根据年龄,相关的生理变化以及在生活阶段提供最大支持的运动类型的理解女性激素的指南。
语言注释
我们在本文中使用“妇女”一词来指代那些在出生时指定的女性,但我们承认,性别和性别存在于频谱中。本文解释了雌激素,孕激素和睾丸激素等女性激素如何影响运动,但这对每个人来说意味着什么。
在十几岁的时候,年轻的女性身体已经接受了青春期,月经周期由于雌激素和孕激素水平的每月波动,变得越来越可预测(1)。
生理上发生的事情
这是体育活动的重要时机。这样做可以增强骨矿物质密度,并有助于保持体内脂肪和瘦肌肉之间的健康平衡。
Studies show that 80–90% of female bone mass is accrued by age 16, with the development of lean muscle helping to stimulate bone density augmentation (
锻炼recommendations
体育和体育为gr提供一个机会owth in many areas, especially when it comes to refining physical skills, increasing strength and endurance, and establishing perseverance to exercise.
虽然身体活跃许多好处,在定期锻炼和康复方面,平衡是关键。
重要的是不要用太多的激烈锻炼对少年身体征税,因为这可能导致loss of regular menstrual cycles, hormonal dysregulation, and a deterioration in bone density.
足够的睡眠,康复日,水合以及 - 最重要的是,健康的饮食对繁荣的少年身体至关重要,食物摄入量支持进行运动量(换句话说,没有卡路里限制!)(1)。
除此之外,影响和负重运动,plyometrics, and resistance training are ideal for increasing bone mineral density (
这是女性身体受到每月浸渍机会支配的岁月。
月经周期从您的第一天开始,在本月上半年的激素水平非常低。月中排卵后,雌激素和孕酮开始上升并在整个周期的后半段继续攀升,直到下一个循环开始(
生理上发生的事情
由于激素水平在您时期的第一天处于最低水平,因此您的身体最有弹性并准备好努力工作的时候。月中排卵后,孕酮逐渐上升,升高您的体温,心率和呼吸速度(3,4)。
锻炼recommendations
At this stage of life, it’s important to协调您的锻炼强度与月经周期.
激素水平在本月初较低,因此,现在是时候优先进行强度锻炼,例如高强度间隔训练(HIIT),电压法,举重,举重,举重,山丘重复序列和其他严格的运动,至少有1天艰苦锻炼之间的恢复。
同样,由于在月经周期的上半年雌激素水平较低,女性的前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的风险更高(
在此阶段,应谨慎行事,需要快速改变方向或侧面切割(包括足球或下坡滑雪)的活动,对于在蹲下,弓步,跳跃和重复的有氧运动过程中,注意适当的膝盖放置至关重要。
After mid-cycle ovulation, hot exercise environments should be avoided, and moderate intensity, gentle movement is most beneficial. Great options include easy cardio, yoga, Pilates, walks, bike rides, and hikes.
The头三个月孕激素,雌激素和松弛素的升高为标志。
孕激素和雌激素水平在整个妊娠期间都继续升高,在劳动前4周内,孕酮水平降低。放松素在头三个月内达到了最高点,并且仍然存在于出生以外(
生理上发生的事情
最常见的荷尔蒙symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancyare increased body temperature, nausea, fatigue, and constipation.
The prenatal body also experiences an increase in blood volume of over 1 liter throughout pregnancy, and several symptoms result, including increases in respiratory rate, heart rate, and the amount of blood moving through the heart with each pump (
锻炼recommendations
以下是锻炼简单怀孕的建议,但是建议在更改任何产前运动方案之前先获得医疗保健专业人员的指导。
鉴于孕妇的体温升高和发展婴儿无法散发热量,必须采取所有步骤来防止过热(否热瑜伽until after baby arrives!).
Moderate level cardio provides healthful benefits to the mother and baby, significantly decreasing your risk of birth complications, a life threatening diagnosis, and postpartum depression (8,
也就是说,应避免有氧运动中的呼吸困难。
产前yogais a wonderful way to fend off lower back pain while staying mindful of the increase in your joints’ laxity.
在低至中等强度下的力量训练也可以包括在产前运动的例程中,重点是充满挑战的运动并抚慰腹部,因此腹部肌肉不会突出。
在分娩期间,母亲的孕激素水平急剧下降,一旦胎盘退出了身体,随后随后会下降雌激素(
生理上发生的事情
由于分娩后激素的急剧变化以及生育婴儿的睡眠丧失,刚刚出生的人患有焦虑和抑郁的风险增加(
弱点骨盆floor和urinary tract musculature is also very common following pregnancy, and some joint laxity may still be present due to relaxin (10)。
一项研究表明,产后23周持续了23周(
锻炼recommendations
每周,中等水平的力量训练和心血管运动可以减轻产后抑郁症的症状,并增加能量和幸福感(
骨盆底练习inclusive of deep breathing have been proven to tone the pelvic floor and deep abdominal musculature, as well as reduce urinary incontinence (10)。
Working with a physical therapist who specializes in骨盆底物理疗法并可以评估您的腹部以检查diastasis recti在恢复传统的锻炼程序之前,通常是最好的第一步。
A postpartum person should gradually move back into a weightlifting routine that’s thoughtful of their energy level.
重要的是要确保腹部不会因任何形式的举动而过于压力(甚至捡起您的婴儿),重点是内部收缩而不将腹部推开。
此外,考虑在小组中锻炼,以给您的内啡肽额外提升。在小组环境中运动的新妈妈报告说,抑郁和焦虑的感觉有所减少(
期间围栏卵巢功能下降,导致雌激素和孕激素水平降低以及随后的月经周期不规则(
更年期被认为是女性连续12个月没有月经周期的地步。
生理上发生的事情
在围栏和期间的过渡期间绝经,骨密度可以迅速下降,增加对骨质疏松症和骨折的敏感性(
A decrease in lean muscle and an increase in fat can lead to negative metabolic changes, includingweight gain,以及患糖尿病和心脏病的较高风险。
Hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, and depression are some of the most common symptoms at this stage of life (14)。
锻炼recommendations
耐药训练和撞击运动被证明会减慢骨密度下降(15)。
尽管如此,重要的是要制定一个还包括灵活性工作的锻炼程序 - 瑜伽,普拉提,静态和动态拉伸以及泡沫滚动 - 以防止运动模式不佳,可能会损害关节健康。
必须在艰苦的锻炼之间进行恢复天数,尤其是在包括跳跃或跑步的情况下,以避免任何过度使用伤害并给您的身体适应时间。
定期的心血管训练在保持心脏健康和体重方面起着至关重要的作用,它可以支持心理健康和打击不眠之劳(
在绝经后期间,雌激素非常低。结果,有一些具体的事情需要考虑。
生理上发生的事情
除了面临骨质疏松症和心脏病的风险较高,您可能会在更年期内和之后体重增加和肌肉损失(
锻炼recommendations
Moderate intensity cardio and interval training have both been shown to decrease arterial stiffness and increase aerobic fitness for women in this stage of life (
Combining resistance and weight bearing exercises has proven to be most effective at maintaining bone density, and these forms of training are helpful when trying to prioritize lean muscle maintenance and a healthy代谢(
平衡工作也应成为定期运动的一部分,因为它有助于防止跌倒并降低骨折的风险。
Women of all ages can benefit from a better understanding of the intricate hormonal changes they face throughout their lives.
锻炼计划必须尊重女性生殖系统的荷尔蒙症状,适当适当地提供治疗和一般健康益处,并最终使妇女与她们的身体有联系。
Alexandra Rose began her career in New York as a professional modern dancer and personal trainer. After receiving a master’s degree in exercise physiology from Columbia University, Alexandra has worked within clinical exercise settings and commercial gyms, as well as with preprofessional dancers and clients in their homes. Alexandra is a certified personal trainer and fascial stretch practitioner, providing clients of all athletic endeavors with bodywork that helps restore healthy movement patterns, improve strength and performance, and prevent overuse injuries.