Overview
Bacillus Calmette-guerin（BCG）是早期临床膀胱内免疫疗法膀胱癌。它的made from a weakened strain of分枝杆菌BOVIS., a vaccine for结核。
Immunotherapy is used to prompt the immune system into attacking cancer cells. BCG is a liquid drug that can be deposited directly into your bladder through a catheter. Doctors have been using this method of treating superficial bladder cancer for 40 years.
继续阅读以了解有关BCG的更多信息，如何使用它，以及您可以对待治疗的内容。
BCG适合非侵入性(0)阶段和minimally invasive (stage 1) bladder cancers. It usually follows a procedure calledtransurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)。它的intended to help prevent recurrence.
该处理仅影响膀胱内的细胞。它对后期膀胱癌的膀胱内或超出膀胱内衬或其他组织和器官的膀胱癌并不有用。
重要的是，您遵循您的医生的指示，以便在程序之前和之后进行该做什么。告诉你的医生你所采取的所有药物。某些免疫抑制剂，抗微生物疗法和放射疗法可以干扰BCG处理。
You’ll be advised to limit your fluid intake for four hours prior to the procedure. You might be told to avoid caffeine for a few hours longer than that, because it’s a diuretic and could make things more difficult.
您将被要求在程序之前小便，因此您将能够将药物持有膀胱中的药物几个小时。
A urinary catheter is inserted through your urethra and into your bladder. Then the BCG solution is injected into the catheter. The catheter is clamped off so the solution stays in your bladder. Some doctors may remove the catheter at this time.
你必须把药物抱在膀胱中。你会被指示躺在你的背上，从一边滚动，以确保解决方案到达你的整个膀胱。
大约两小时后,导管松开o the fluid can be drained. If the catheter was already removed, you’ll be asked to empty your bladder at this time.
You may be advised to drink plenty of fluid to flush the rest of the medication from your bladder.
For six hours after each treatment, you’ll have to be very careful when you urinate to avoid transmitting BCG to others. Men should urinate while seated to avoid splashing.
Disinfect the urine by adding 2 cups of bleach into the toilet. Let it stand for about 20 minutes before flushing. You should also wash your genital area very carefully after you urinate, so your skin doesn’t become irritated from the BCG. Wash your hands thoroughly, too.
男人可以在性生活中将BCG传递给他们的伴侣。因此，您应该在每次治疗后48小时避免性行为。在最终治疗后使用治疗避孕套和六周。
Women should avoid getting pregnant or breastfeeding while on BCG therapy.
通常每周给予治疗六周。之后，您可能需要每月六个月到一年一次。
BCG的一个好处是，虽然它会影响膀胱中的细胞，但它对身体的任何其他部分没有重大影响。但是可能有一些副作用，如：
- 发烧
- 寒冷
- 疲劳
- a burning sensation in the bladder
- 泌尿急orfrequent urination
- 尿液中的血液
如果症状持续超过几天，请告诉您的医生。
它的rare, but BCG can spread through the body and cause a serious infection. Symptoms of this include:
- 发烧that doesn’t respond to aspirin or other fever reducers
- confusion
- 头晕orlightheadedness
- shortness of breath
Serious complications of this infection include inflammation of the lungs,肝炎和前列腺和睾丸的炎症。如果您有严重感染的任何迹象，请立即寻求医疗。
BCG治疗是more effective比在预防复发时单独或TurBT的TurBT或TurBT。
When comparing BCG to other bladder cancer treatments, it’s important to remember that treatment isn’t the same for everybody. Some of the factors that determine your options are:
- type of bladder cancer
- 诊断阶段
- your age and general health
- how well you tolerate certain treatments
Cancer treatment usually involves more than one type of therapy, which can be given at the same time or one at a time. That makes it difficult to compare one treatment to another.
When it comes to BCG, it’s usually done following TURBT in early stage bladder cancer. BCG treatment may result in fewer side effects than systemic chemotherapy, which affects your entire body.
有时候，Turbt不是一种选择，就像这样的情况一样later stage bladder cancer。然后需要去除部分或全部膀胱。Chemotherapyorradiation therapy也可能推荐。
每种类型的治疗都具有考虑的潜在益处和副作用。您的医生将帮助您通过您的选择工作，并决定对您的最佳处理。
BCG已被用于治疗非侵入性膀胱癌的长期。它是让自己的免疫系统攻击膀胱中的癌细胞而不会伤害其他组织和器官的有效方法。它一般容忍。
Based on records from 2007 to 2013, the five-year relative survival rates were
您的医生可以根据您的个人医疗概况更好地了解预期的内容。