医生有时会呼叫4阶段的膀胱癌“转移性”膀胱癌。通常难以治疗4阶段的癌症。

Read on to learn some facts about stage 4 bladder cancer, including what treatment options are available and what your life expectancy may be if you have stage 4 bladder cancer.

If you have第4阶段膀胱癌，这意味着您的癌症已经传播到以下任何或所有地方：

  • 你的腹壁
  • 你的骨盆墙
  • distant parts of your body

它可能会或可能不会传播到附近的淋巴结。

膀胱癌蔓延到身体的其他部位通常难以治疗，但不是无法治疗的。遥远的膀胱癌具有相对5年的生存率 5％ 。

有许多警告标志可以表明膀胱癌。4阶段膀胱癌的症状可能包括：

  • blood in your urine
  • 尿频
  • 排尿时疼痛或燃烧
  • 感觉就像你需要小便，但不能
  • back or pelvic pain

虽然4阶段膀胱癌被认为是难以治疗的，但有可用的选择。通常进行治疗以减缓癌症的增长，帮助您持久，让您感觉更好。

您的医生可能会在某些情况下推荐手术，但经常手术对第4阶段的人来说不是一个不错的选择，因为所有癌症都无法删除。

化疗通常是第一个治疗，你的医生会建议你的癌症是否已经向你身体的遥远的地区传播。两种膀胱癌的常见化学方案包括：

  • 吉西他滨（Gemzar）和顺铂
  • 甲氨蝶呤，长春碱，多柔比星（Adriamycin）和顺铂

If chemo shrinks your cancer significantly, your doctor might recommend a cystectomy, or surgery to remove all or part of your bladder.

Radiation therapy is another option for treatment. It’s used alone or in combination with chemo.

Sometimes, people with stage 4 bladder cancer are also given immunotherapy drugs like atezolizumab or pembrolizumab (Keytruda).

You may also choose to take part in clinical trials to gain access to new treatments that could help you live longer. You can search for clinical trials in the United Stateshere。

根据美国癌症学会，大约 81,400 people in the United States will be newly diagnosed with bladder cancer in 2020.

当他们更容易治疗时，大多数膀胱癌都被诊断出来。关于 一半 在癌症仍然仅在膀胱壁的内层中发现所有膀胱癌。

关于 1在3 bladder cancers invade into deeper layers, but are still confined to the bladder.

只关于 4 percent 膀胱癌蔓延到身体的远处区域。

风险因素for bladder cancerinclude:

  • Smoking.关于 一半 诊断出的膀胱癌是由于吸烟。
  • 年龄较大。膀胱癌很少发生在比年龄较小的人中40。
  • 白。与黑人或西班牙裔或西班牙裔或西班牙裔或西班牙裔或西班牙裔人相比，白人风险较高。
  • 是男性。Of the 新的估计情况 在2020年诊断出的膀胱癌的影响，男性可能会占62,100多位，女性只会占19,300人。
  • 接触化学品。Certain chemicals, like arsenic and those found in dyes, rubber, and paint, may increase your odds of bladder cancer.
  • 家史。如果一个亲密的家庭成员也有疾病，你更容易有膀胱癌。一些遗传条件可能进一步提高这种风险。
  • 慢性膀胱炎症。常见的尿感染或其他问题可能会使您更容易发生一种特定类型的膀胱癌。
  • 过去癌症治疗。The chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide and radiation treatments can both raise your chances of developing bladder cancer.

You might be more at risk for stage 4 bladder cancer if you ignore symptoms of the disease or don’t seek prompt treatment. A stage 4 diagnosis can happen even if you do see a doctor about your symptoms right away, however.

Some people with stage 4 bladder cancer may experience complications.

如果您手术删除膀胱的一部分，您可能需要更频繁地排尿，因为您的膀胱较小。

Surgery to remove all of your bladder may require doctors to create a new way for you to pass urine, such as a urostomy or a new bladder. With a urostomy, a plastic bag is attached to an opening in your abdominal wall to collect urine.

手术的其他潜在并发症包括不孕症，更年期早期发作和女性的性功能障碍。男性也可能会经历性功能障碍和不孕症。

在4阶段膀胱癌诊断后，您可能必须对哪些治疗方法进行重要决定，您可以通过它。

随着您的癌症的进展和进步，您可能会经历：

  • pain
  • weakness
  • loss of appetite
  • tiredness

Listen to your body, and don’t do too much. Rest when you’re tired so you can build up strength. Your doctor can prescribe certain medications to help effectively control your pain.

识别可以帮助您使用日常活动的亲密家庭成员和朋友是一个好主意，例如驾驶医生的约会或购买杂货店。

支持团体 can also be helpful for people looking for support outside of family and friends.

It’s important to remember that survival rates are only estimates and don’t apply to everyone. Each particular case is different.

随着较新的检测和治疗选择可用，阶段4膀胱癌的人的前景可能会改善。

If you or someone you know has stage 4 bladder cancer, it’s important to work with your doctor to find treatments that are right for you.