什么是面部失明？

面部失明或prosopagnosia是一种脑部疾病。它的特征是无法识别或区分面部。

脸部失明的人可能难以注意陌生人面孔的差异。其他人甚至可能很难认识到熟悉的面孔。它的 estimated to affect about 2 percent of the general population.

The most common symptom of face blindness is an inability to recognize or discriminate between faces. This may make forming relationships more difficult, both in a personal and professional setting. It may be extremely difficult for people with face blindness to identify a person who shows up in a different setting or context than the one they’re used to.

People with minor prosopagnosia may just struggle to differentiate or identify faces of strangers or people they don’t know well. Those with moderate to severe face blindness may struggle to recognize faces of people they see regularly, including family members and close friends. In very severe faces, people with face blindness may not recognize their own faces. This may cause社交焦虑或者沮丧.

If you have prosopagnosia, you won’t forget a few faces every so often; it will be a consistent and recurring problem that doesn’t go away.

If your child has face blindness, they may:

  • wait for you to wave before they come over when you’re picking them up from school or an event
  • approach strangers thinking they’re you, or someone they know, when they’re supposed to go to a specific person
  • 不认识熟悉的人，例如邻居，亲密亲戚或家人朋友，尤其是当他们在上下文中看到他们
  • become clingy or withdrawn in public places
  • have difficulty following plots of characters in movies or TV shows
  • 很难结交朋友
  • seem withdrawn at school, but confident at home

这些症状可以归因于其他things, including shyness. Talk to your child’s pediatrician if you’re concerned.

Prosopagnosia is thought to be caused by 大脑中褶皱的异常，损伤或损伤称为右梭状回。大脑中的该区域在协调影响面部记忆和感知的神经系统中起着重要作用。

prosopagnosia可能是由中风，大脑损伤或某些神经退行性疾病引起的。

In some cases, people are born with face blindness as a congenital disorder. In these cases, there seems to be a genetic link, as it runs in families.

面部失明并不总是标准的症状自闭症，但在自闭症患者中似乎比普通人群更普遍。从理论上讲，面部失明可能是有时会损害自闭症患者的社会发展的一部分。

它的important to note that face blindness is not caused by impaired vision, learning disabilities, or memory loss. It’s a specific problem with recognizing faces as opposed to a memory problem of failing to remember the person.

如果您在识别面孔方面遇到困难，那么您的初级保健医生会将您转介给神经科医生。

The neurologist may have you take an assessment that evaluates your ability to recognize facial features. The assessment may evaluate your ability to:

  • recognize faces you’ve never seen, or faces of your family
  • notice differences or similarities of facial features in sets of faces shown to you
  • detect emotional cues from a set of faces
  • assess information like age or gender from a set of faces

Benton面部识别测试（BFRT）和Warrington对面部的识别记忆（RMF）是医生可以用来评估潜在的面部失明的两个测试。但是，您在这些测试中获得的分数可能并非完全可靠地诊断出面部失明。 一项研究发现 不规则的分数实际上与面部失明不一致。医生的意见更有价值。

也有很多测试声称能够在线诊断面部失明。其中许多是不准确或不可能的，如果您担心，最好咨询医生。

无法治愈脸部失明。治疗的重点是帮助患有疾病的人找到应对机制以更好地识别个人。

You could, for example, learn to focus on other visual or verbal clues to identify a person. This could include taking note of their curly blonde hair, their shorter-than-average-height, or their voice. You may also notice certain mannerisms, like how quickly they walk.

Many researchers are working on understanding specific causes of the condition and are looking for treatment.

面部失明会影响某人建立个人和专业关系的能力。这可能导致社交焦虑或抑郁。学习如何以不依赖能够直接识别自己的脸的方式来识别人们可以提供帮助。

If you experience social anxiety or depression because of face blindness, consult a therapist. They can help you develop other techniques to:

  • better connect with people
  • build stronger interpersonal relationships
  • manage your social anxiety or depression symptoms

The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke 和Bournemouth Universityare researching prosopagnosia. They also have resources and information available for those with the condition.