Any change or lump on the chest or underarm could be a sign of male breast cancer.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 2,650 men in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2021, and 530 will die from breast cancer.

Because people assigned male at birth may not be as familiar withbreast cancer symptoms, it can be easily missed in the early stages. Signs such as fatigue and unintentional weight loss may occur as the cancer spreads.

Breast cancer affects about1在800men in their lifetime, compared with 1 in 8 women. Male breast cancer is uncommon, but early diagnosis is crucial. Any sign of breast cancer should be checked out by a doctor.

Here, we go over more signs of male breast cancer and when to see a doctor.

在出生时，人们分配男性的乳腺癌的第一个迹象可能是胸部或腋下的肿块。有例外，但典型的乳腺癌肿块是：

  • 硬或橡胶
  • irregularly shaped
  • bumpy rather than smooth
  • 不容易用手指移动
  • painless
  • grows over time

乳腺癌肿块可以从胸部中间到腋窝的任何地方找到，一直到锁骨。

Other signs andsymptoms乳腺癌包括：

  • 缩放，剥落或加厚皮肤
  • 皮革或皮肤的凹陷
  • swelling, redness
  • 胸部或乳房区域的尺寸或形状的变化
  • 倒置或梅特哈佩乳头
  • clear or bloody nipple discharge
  • 乳头或周围的持续皮疹或疮
  • painin or around the nipple
  • 淋巴结肿大在臂上或锁骨附近

Breast cancer usually affects only one breast. Unexpected enlargement of both breasts is more likely to be a condition calledGynecomastia.。

Once breast cancer starts to spread, other symptoms may include:

乳腺癌最常见的类型是:

  • 侵入性导管癌，它从导管中始于将牛奶带到乳头（所有性别的人都有这些管道）
  • 侵袭性小叶癌，它开始生产牛奶（男性也有这些，尽管它们通常不起作用牛奶）
  • ductal carcinoma in situ, which is considered a pre-cancerous condition because cancer cells have not spread outside the duct

Breast cancer in males is a lot like breast cancer in females. However, research 表明一些差异，包括：

  • 男性倾向于在较旧的年龄培养乳腺癌，通常在60到70之间。
  • 男性更有可能具有雌激素受体阳性（ER +）肿瘤。
  • Male breast cancer is more likely to be associated with aBRCA2gene mutation.

男性乳腺癌的一些危险因素包括：

  • BRCA gene mutations, particularlyBRCA2
  • 乳腺癌的家族史
  • low androgen水平
  • having had radiation therapy to the chest
  • Gynecomastia.
  • 激素治疗
  • having a disease that increases estrogen levels, such asKlinefelter syndrome
  • having an injury or condition that affects the testicles
  • 肝病如肝硬化
  • having overweight or obesity

当异常细胞生长和分裂时，癌症开始。当DNA有损害时，这可能会发生。正是为什么人类发展乳腺癌并不清楚。

男性乳腺癌在60岁及以上的人之后更有可能发生：

  • BRCA gene mutations
  • 乳腺癌的家族史
  • 低睾酮
  • high estrogen level

治疗for male breast cancer is the same as it is for women. Treatment is based on individual factors such as:

  • 癌症阶段诊断
  • 肿瘤大小和等级
  • hormone receptor status
  • age and overall health

治疗often involves a combination of therapies, such as:

  • surgery
  • chemotherapy
  • 放射治疗
  • 激素治疗
  • targeted therapies

Having one or more symptoms does not mean you have breast cancer. Symptoms of breast cancer can be similar to those of other conditions.

男性乳腺癌是罕见的，只构成了 1％ 所有情况。也就是说，在它传播之前，更容易治疗乳腺癌，所以如果你有：

  • 胸部或腋下的肿块或硬质量
  • 乳头反转或放电
  • 皮肤的凹陷或褶皱

A large retrospective学习发表于2019年结束，筛选患乳腺癌的高风险筛查男性潜在益处。如果您认为您可能存在高乳腺癌风险，可能值得与您的医生或遗传专家讨论。

大多数乳房肿块是由癌症以外的东西引起的，但可能仍然需要治疗。

Everyone has breast tissue, and anyone can get breast cancer.

男性乳腺癌最常见的迹象是一个lumpor hard mass in the breast area. Other signs include changes to the nipple or skin. Breast cancer lumps can also form under the arm or near the collarbone.

如果您认为您有乳腺癌的迹象，请参阅您的医生。

男性乳腺癌可以在任何年龄发生，但是60岁以后的风险增加。如果您认为您可能存在高乳腺癌的风险，请与您的医生与您的医生联系，以及常规筛查是对您的好主意吗？。