乳腺癌治疗可能导致性激素水平迅速下降，这可能会引发早期。这被称为医疗或外科手术或诱发更年期。
平均而言，更年期自然会在51岁左右开始。但是，在20多岁，30年代或40年代初期，医疗更年期可能发生。
对于患有乳腺癌的患者，更年期症状持续更长的时间，并且more severe比那些没有乳腺癌的人进入更年期。
但是，如果您患有乳腺癌，则不应服用激素替代疗法（HRT），通常会开处方以减轻更年期症状。HRT中的激素会导致乳腺癌扩散或生长。
取而代之的是，以下生活方式的改变和药物可以帮助减轻更年期症状的严重性。
The symptoms of menopause often vary widely. The most common symptoms include:
- 热闪烁
- night sweats
- irregular or missed periods
- vaginal dryness
- 体重增加
- sleep problems, such as insomnia
- 情绪变化，例如抑郁症或焦虑症状
- memory problems or difficulty concentrating
- 脱发和损失
- 不需要的头发生长
- 皮肤干燥
- 减少性欲
- 尿路感染（UTI）
- 骨质流失（骨质疏松症）
如果您患有乳腺癌，则不应服用HRT。不仅可以HRT
根据您的需求，有许多类型的药物可用于治疗更年期症状。
他们包括：
- 局部米诺地尔用于稀疏和损失
- eflornithine，一种局部乳霜，用于不必要的头发生长
- 用于焦虑和抑郁的抗抑郁药，例如帕罗西汀（Paxil）（这些药物的低剂量也可以治疗潮热）
- Gabapentin（Neurontin），一种神经药物在标签外用作潮热的另一种非激素选择
- nonhormonal vaginal moisturizers and lubricants, such as ospemifene, for vaginal dryness and painful intercourse
- 失眠的睡眠药物
- UTI的抗生素
- denosumab (Prolia), teriparatide (Forteo), raloxifene, or calcitonin for osteoporosis
Making a few changes to your day-to-day activities can help reduce side effects and improve your overall quality of life.
锻炼
锻炼can help with fatigue and improve your mood. It can also help you manage your weight.
如果您正在接受有关乳腺癌的治疗，则需要缓慢开始，然后随着时间的流逝而增加锻炼的强度和持续时间。
Eventually, you’ll want to aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity, every week, according to the
骨盆底练习
除了定期锻炼外，重要的是要保持骨盆底坚固。雌激素的丧失会削弱骨盆底，并导致膀胱和肠道控制的问题。
骨盆底运动的最著名类型是凯格尔。瑜伽和其他运动等活动也可以帮助增强骨盆底。
避免热潮触发器
You may notice certain activities trigger a hot flash. Taking note of your triggers can help you avoid them. Common hot flash triggers often include:
- 辛辣食物
- tight clothing
- 睡前锻炼
- caffeine
- 酒精
- hot beverages
- 压力
- 吸烟或暴露于二手烟
- warm rooms
- 热水浴缸和桑拿
戒烟
吸烟倾向于增加更年期症状的严重程度和持续时间。如果您抽烟，戒烟可能有助于减轻症状。
可能很难退出，可能需要进行一些尝试，但从长远来看，这是值得的。
Aside from prescription medications and making changes to your daily life, there are a few other options to try to help lessen symptoms of menopause.
Moisturizers
良好的保湿剂可以帮助您的皮肤过于干燥。洗澡后涂抹保湿剂可以帮助锁定水分。
补品
为了减少骨质流失，您可以服用钙，维生素D和镁补充剂。
Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids may also help treat the vasomotor symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats.
Talk with your doctor about these supplements and others for your individual needs.
阴道扩张疗法
During menopause, the vagina can narrow due to low estrogen. This can lead to pain and anxiety around intercourse.
Vaginal dilators are devices that are used to stretch the muscles of the vagina so that sex is less painful.
该设备通常由塑料或硅胶杆或圆柱体组成，并插入阴道中。阴道扩张器还可以帮助放松或增强骨盆底肌肉。
心理治疗
Talk with a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other mental health professional about depression, anxiety, or stress. These professionals may use an approach known as cognitive behavioral therapy. They can also prescribe medications to help improve your mood.
更年期作为其乳腺癌治疗的副作用的人通常比自然进入更年期的人更严重的症状更长。
Though HRT isn’t considered safe for people with breast cancer, there are other medications available to help manage symptoms of menopause.
生活方式的改变和避免触发也可以help. If you haven’t yet experienced menopause and were recently diagnosed with breast cancer, be sure to discuss how to manage medical menopause with your doctor.