照顾容易发生的皮肤不仅仅是应用瑕疵的产品。
It can involve lifestyle changes, too — the first of which is often a new and improved skin care routine.
Read on for some expert tips on everything from picking and popping to effective clinical treatments.
The simplest way to understand粉刺is to split it into two categories: noninflammatory and inflammatory types.
Noninflammatory
Noninflammatory acne refers to clogged pores that appear as黑头orwhiteheads.
It’s the mildest type and is easy to spot. Blackheads have a dark appearance and can appear somewhat flat against the skin. Whiteheads are small skin-colored bumps.
炎症
Anything with a red or more robust appearance is essentially classified as inflammatory acne.
This can range frompapulesand脓疱to more severenodulesandcysts.
Papules are small red bumps, while pustules are small bumps that contain pus. Papules often turn into pustules.
Then there’s the deeper, more painful acne.
These inflamed bumps are typically larger than your usual pimple and feel as if they’re underneath the skin.
Acne vs. rosacea
Sometimes acne is confused with红斑痤疮.
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that often involves a tendency to blush easily and can often lead to chronic redness on the:
- 脸颊
- nose
- 前额
- chin
尽管酒渣鼻有四种亚型，但最常见的类型与痤疮混淆是丘疹或痤疮酒渣鼻。这种类型涉及粉刺-like breakouts.
On the other hand,痤疮寻常is a common type of acne characterized by inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. It can involve pimples, blackheads, cysts, andother forms of acne.
It’s possible to have both acne vulgaris and acne rosacea at the same time.
Symptoms of acne rosacea can include:
- 冲洗和发红
- visible blood vessels
- 粉刺-like breakouts andred skin
- sensitive skin
- raised patches of skin
Acne vulgaris involves clogged pores and may present as:
- 充满脓液的颠簸
- 黑头
- whiteheads
- oily skin
- cysts and nodules
Besides the differences in symptoms, acne vulgaris is caused by clogged pores. The causes of acne rosacea are unclear, though it may involve a combination of hereditary and environmental factors.
可能的causative factorsfor rosacea include:
- 遗传因素
- an overreaction of the immune system
- a bacteria that causes intestinal infections calledH. pylori
- a mite known asDemodex
- 人体处理蛋白质cathelicidin的方式，通常会保护皮肤免受感染
Acne is caused by a combination of hormones, oil, and bacteria. When oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria clog the follicles, sebum can’t escape the pores. This leads to acne.
Each pore of your skin is also the opening to a hair follicle, which is made of a hair and sebaceous, or oil, gland.
The oil gland releasessebum，使您的皮肤润滑和柔软。
Causes of acne can include:
- your follicles producing too much oil
- dead skin cells accumulating in your pores
- 细菌在您的毛孔中堆积
油过量通常是由于荷尔蒙变化，例如：
- puberty
- 月经周期
- pregnancy
- menopause
这就是为什么荷尔蒙节育可能有助于管理痤疮症状.
Although many teenagers experience acne outbreaks, acne can happen at any age.
无论最初的原因是什么，当孔被堵塞并随后发炎时，就会发生痤疮。
It’s common to linkoily skinto acne. After all, excess oil is a
Butdry skintypes can still experience acne for a number of reasons, whether it’s due to environmental factors or a poor skin care routine that irritates the skin and clogs pores.
了解您拥有哪种皮肤类型可以帮助您以最佳方式照顾痤疮。
博士推断念佛,皮肤科医生资格认证,medical director ofMDacne, says there’s an easy way to work out your skin type.
First, wash your face with a mild “baby” soap. Gently pat it dry. Don’t apply any skin care products.
A couple of hours later, examine your skin. If it’s shiny, you have oily skin. If it appears flaky, rough, or red, you have dry skin.
Combination skin will appear dry on the cheeks and shiny on the forehead, nose, and chin (T-zone).
同时，“正常”皮肤将具有健康的光芒，没有明显的问题。
请记住，可以不具有干燥或油性皮肤的情况下容易痤疮。
皮肤科医生指出：“绝大多数人一生都有一次痤疮。”Viseslav Tonkovic-Capin博士.
Treating acne doesn’t just involve trying product after product. It encompasses careful cleansing and some simple lifestyle changes.
Effective prevention includes:
- washing your face twice a day and after sweating
- being gentle with your skin by avoiding harsh scrubs
- 不要挑选或流行！
- 如果需要，使用合格皮肤科医生的安全提取方法
- routinely washing things that come in contact with your skin
- using noncomedogenic products
- checking your hair care ingredients
- staying hydrated
Wash twice a day and after sweating
Washing your face when you wake up and before you go to bedis recommended.
Doing itmore than twice a day, unless you’re particularly sweaty, can irritate the skin.
要温柔;不要擦洗或使用苛刻的去角质剂
这是皮肤科医生Dr. Brooke Bair’s top piece of advice.
“Acne is not a ‘dirt’ problem,” she says, “so scrubbing harder andusing hard exfoliantsdon’t help and can only lead to more redness and irritation.”
No picking or popping!
弹出那个丘疹是非常诱人的。但是这样做会导致疤痕。
It can also transfer bacteria into other pores and make what was a small pimple turn into deep, inflamed acne.
但是如果你必须……安全地做
There’s a正确的弹出方法, officially known as extraction.
Most medical professionals don’t encourage popping pimples, but many people do it anyway. It’s best to have a dermatologist perform this.
The best method involves applying a warm compress to open the pores and using clean Q-tips to gently push down on either side of the blackhead or whitehead.
It’s best not to attempt this with deeper acne types like pustules.
Routinely wash anything that comes into contact with your skin
Bedding, makeup brushes, and even phone screens can all harbor debris that can clog your pores.
为了避免堵塞毛孔，美国皮肤病学院建议changing sheets weekly和枕头每周两次或三次。
理想情况下，您应该每天清洁化妆工具。但是，如果这是不可行的，请尝试每周洗一次。
可以每天用特殊清洁剂擦拭手机。
选择非作业产物
Noncomedogenic is a label you’ve probably seen quite a lot on skin care products.
Sometimes it goes by the name of oil-free, non-acnegenic, or simply “won’t clog pores.” Every product used on acne-prone areas should have the labels “oil-free, noncomedogenic.”
You’d think any products labeled with this would only help acne-prone skin, right? Unfortunately not.
It’s best to check the full ingredient list before using. Avoid anything that contains potential irritants, like alcohol or fragrance.
查看您的护发例程
Hair care formulas — from shampoos and conditioners to generic styling products — cancause breakoutsin areas like the forehead and neck.
Try to avoid any products containing oils. If you suspectyour hair routineis your acne culprit, switch it up to see if there’s any improvement.
Oil in the hair itself can also transfer onto the skin. Try to keep your hair off your face as much as possible, especially at nighttime.
Stay hydrated
Keeping skin hydratedmay helpcombat the excess oil that leads to acne. However, there’s limited research to back this up.
Still, there’s no harm insticking to the 8×8 rule(drinking eight 8-ounce glasses a day).
Beware of diet and supplement claims
在线，您会发现许多声称可以消除痤疮的补充销售品牌。
But unless you’re seriously deficient in a particular nutrient, there’s little evidence to prove they help the skin much.
饮食建议也是如此。例如，只有一个
It’s best not to cut out a specific nutrient or entire food group without a medical professional’s advice.
Askin care routine这不适合您的皮肤类型或疑虑可能会导致更多问题。
这里是你应该考虑当每一步dealing with acne-prone skin.
You can find many of these products at your local drugstore. Some are more specialized and found at other retailers, so they may be more expensive. Use these recommendations as general guidelines of what to look for.
And remember: The more lightweight the product, the better for your pores.
Ingredients to look for
- 水杨酸works to解开孔and reduce inflammation. It’s ideal for blackheads and whiteheads but can also help pustules disappear quicker. TryStridex padsorClinique痤疮溶液临床清除凝胶.
- Benzoyl peroxidekills acne-causing bacteria and therefore works best on inflammatory acne.La Roche-Posay Effaclar Duo痤疮治疗andPaula’s Choice Clear daily treatment获得高度评价。
- Retinoidsexfoliate the skin’s surface, removing the dead skin cells that clog pores, among other things. They also
help reduce inflammation 并且通常在许多痤疮方案中使用。如果您刚开始，请考虑尝试Differin adapalene gel. Your dermatologist can also prescribe stronger retinoids.
Morning
- Cleanser.早晨清洁皮肤可能是痤疮方案的良好组成部分。油性皮肤类型可以尝试Cetaphil Oil-Removing Foam Wash. Opt forDifferin Daily Deep Cleanserif you have dry or sensitive skin.
- Toner.使用碳粉除去可能有助于突破的多余油。Murad Clarifying Tonerwas designed especially for acne-prone skin.
- 保湿霜。无论您的肤色是干的还是油性的，保湿霜都会保持皮肤水分。CeraVe Facial Moisturizing Lotionwon’t clog pores. For ultra hydration, try中源性水力促进水凝胶.
- 防晒霜。一些痤疮疗法会增加您的皮肤
对阳光的敏感性 . Protect it with a broad spectrum, SPF 30 sunscreen. Two popular options areLa Roche-Posay Anthelios XL Ultra-Light SunscreenandTizo 2 Facial Mineral Sunscreen. - 化妆品。While this isn’t an essential step, makeup can quickly cover pimples and residual redness. BothClinique Anti-Blemish Solutions FoundationandEucerin DermoPurifyer Cover Stickcontain breakout-fighting salicylic acid.
晚上
- Makeup remover.If you’ve chosen to wear makeup, properly removing it will help keep pores unclogged.Bioderma Sensibio H2O胶束水旨在舒缓皮肤，而Natura Bi-Phase Makeup Removeris gentle and hydrating.
- Cleanser.一天的事件可能会在皮肤表面留下很多污垢。在睡觉前轻轻摆脱它ArtNaturals Clarifying Face Washoravene Antirougeurs清洁乳液.
- Spot treatment.Applying a spot treatment after cleansing can allow the ingredients to work their way deep into the skin. As well as treating existing pimples, these products can target scarring and stop new breakouts. TryPeter Thomas Roth Acne-Clearing Gelorren不加痤疮治疗.
As needed
- Exfoliant.While exfoliating isn’t for everyone, exfoliating once or twice a week can help remove dead skin cells that can block pores and lead to breakouts. If you haven’t got much time, useNip + Fab Glycolic Fix Cleansing Pads. Alternatively, tryDrunk Elephant T.L.C. Framboos Glycolic Night Serum.
- Face mask.A well-formulated face mask, likeSunday Riley Saturn Sulfur Spot Treatment MaskorGlamGlow Supermud Clearing Treatment,可以帮助对抗油性和杂质,水合物dry skin, and reduce redness. Use up to three times a week for optimal results.
Mild acne can usually be treated with the help of over-the-counter products.
If it doesn’t improve, you may consider making an appointment with a board certified dermatologist. If you don’t already have a dermatologist, our雷竞技app官网Healthline FindCare工具可以帮助您与您所在地区的医生建立联系。
This is also the case for acne that’s classified as moderate or severe, such as cystic acne, or acne that’s scarring your skin. These types require prescription medication.
在第一次预约时，您将被要求详细介绍您的病史和当前的皮肤护理制度。
然后，您的皮肤科医生会检查您的皮肤以确定您是否有痤疮，如果您这样做，which type it is.
You’ll likely leave with a prescription for medication —either topical, oral, or both —and some lifestyle recommendations. You may also be asked to consider certain procedures to help soothe the skin and minimize scarring.
Be prepared to go back for regular follow-ups, as your dermatologist will want to see how your skin is progressing and update your treatment plan accordingly.
皮肤科医生使用多种疗法来帮助打击痤疮。这些分为处方强制性药物和办公室手术。
药物
正如Tonkovic-Capin所解释的那样，可以包括：
- 处方局部抗生素
- 简短的口服抗生素课程
- topical retinoids
Bothretinoids, such as tretinoin, and antibiotics, including benzoyl peroxide and tetracyclines, are ideal for cysts and nodules.
Acne that’srelated to hormones可能需要避孕药（联合丸）或口服处方spironolactone(prescribed off-label, or for a use that hasn’t been officially approved).
但是，即使没有怀疑激素是痤疮的巨大罪魁祸首，这些药物也经常成功使用。因此，如果您有痤疮，那么值得询问您的医生是否对您有好处。
程序
这些在皮肤科医生的办公室进行，对于几种形式的痤疮可能很有用。
“Lasers and chemical peels are a great help in decreasing redness and smoothing the skin out,” Bair says.
激光和light therapiesalso have the ability to killP. acnes(bacteria responsible for some types of acne), making them ideal for deeper forms of acne.
Chemical peels, meanwhile, can also be used in the treatment of some types of acne.
Your dermatologist can drain big, painful cysts that don’t improve with medication to speed up the healing process and reduce the chance of scarring.
Patience is key here. Use an acne treatment for at least 1 month before considering trying a new one. Expect to wait up to 3 months before seeing a big difference.
Not seeing any improvement? Consider switching to a new product or visiting a dermatologist for personalized advice.
无论您决定采用哪种路线，都可以准确地遵循指示，以获得最佳结果。
Lauren Sharkey is a journalist and author specializing in women’s issues. When she isn’t trying to discover a way to banish migraines, she can be found uncovering the answers to your lurking health questions. She has also written a book profiling young female activists across the globe and is currently building a community of such resisters. Catch her onTwitter.