25 Words You Should Know: Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Being diagnosed with breast cancer is overwhelming in itself. And when you’re finally ready to embrace your diagnosis and move forward, you’re subjected to a whole new vocabulary associated with the cancer. That’s why we’re here.

Discover the top terms you’re likely to encounter as you go through the breast cancer diagnosis journey.

Pathologist:

A doctor who examines your biopsy or breast tissue under a microscope and determines if you have cancer. A pathologist provides an oncologist or internist a report that includes a diagnosis of the grade and subtype of your cancer. This report helps guide your treatment.

成像测试：

拍摄身体内部的测试以检测或监测癌症的测试。乳房X线照片使用辐射，超声使用声波，MRI使用磁场和无线电波。

DCIS:

Stands for “ductal carcinoma in situ.” This is when abnormal cells are in the milk ducts of the breast but haven’t spread into or invaded the surrounding tissue. DCIS isn’t cancer but can develop into cancer and should be treated.

Mammogram:

A screening tool that uses X-rays to create images of the breast to detect early signs of breast cancer.

HER2：

代表“人表皮生长因子受体”。在一些乳腺癌细胞表面上过表达的蛋白质，是细胞生长和存活的途径的重要组成部分。也称为erbb2。

年级：

一种基于肿瘤细胞类似于正常细胞的肿瘤来分类肿瘤的方法。

激素受体：

Special proteins found inside and on the surface of certain cells throughout the body, including breast cells. When activated, these proteins signal cancer cell growth.

Genetic mutation:

细胞DNA序列的永久性变化或改变。

ER:

代表“雌激素受体”。一群蛋白质发现在一些乳腺癌细胞表面内和由激素雌激素激活的表面。

生物标志物：

由某些癌细胞分泌的生物分子，其通常可以通过血液检查来测量，并用于检测和监测疾病或病症的治疗。

Lymph nodes:

作为过滤器的外来物质和癌细胞流经淋巴系统的癌细胞的小团块。一部分的身体免疫系统。

PR:

Stands for “progesterone receptor.” A protein found inside and on the surface of some breast cancer cells, and activated by the steroid hormone progesterone.

Pathology:

A report that contains the cellular and molecular information used to determine a diagnosis.

针活检：

用于绘制细胞，乳房组织或流体样品的程序的过程。

三负：

测试为阴性的乳腺癌亚型ll three surface receptors (ER, PR, and HER2) and accounts for 15 to 20 percent of breast cancers.

ILC:

代表“侵入式小叶癌”。一种乳腺癌，始于牛奶生产的小叶，并蔓延到周围的乳房组织。占乳腺癌病例的10％至15％。

良性：

描述了非癌性肿瘤或病症。

Metastasis:

当乳腺癌超过乳腺到淋巴结或身体中的其他器官。

活检：

A procedure in which cells or tissue are removed from the breast to be studied under a microscope to determine if cancer is present.

Malignant:

Describes a cancerous tumor that is likely to spread to other parts of the body.

Stage:

A number from 0 to IV, that doctors use to describe how advanced a cancer is and to determine a treatment plan. The higher the number, the more advanced the cancer is. For example, stage 0 indicates abnormal cells in the breast, while stage IV is cancer that has spread to distant organs of the body.