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What is urethritis?
尿道炎是一种尿道或将尿液从膀胱传递到体外的管的疾病，发炎和刺激。精液还通过男性尿道。
尿道炎通常在排尿和排尿的渴望增加时会引起疼痛。尿道炎的主要原因通常是细菌感染。
尿道炎is not the same as aurinary tract infection (UTI)。尿道炎是尿道的炎症，而UTI是尿路的感染。它们可能有类似的症状，但根据尿道炎的根本原因需要不同的治疗方法。
尿道炎affects people of all ages. Both males and females can develop the condition. However, females have a greater chance of developing the condition than males. This is partly because men’s urethras, which are the length of the penis, are much longer than women’s. A woman’s urethra is typically one and a half inches long. That makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urethra.
根据抗菌的说法urethritis occurs inapproximately 4 million Americans每年。nongonocopopocococcal尿道炎占该病例的80％。
Learn more about infections of the urinary system »
症状in men
Males with urethritis may experience one or more of the following symptoms:
- burning sensationwhile urinating
- 阴茎开口附近瘙痒或燃烧
- presence of blood in the semen or urine
- 释放from the penis
症状in women
Some symptoms of urethritis in women include:
- more频繁的小便冲动
- discomfort during urination
- burning or irritation at the urethral opening
- 异常释放from the vagina may also be present along with the urinary symptoms
患有尿道炎的人也可能没有明显的症状。对于女性来说尤其如此。在男性中，如果尿道炎因衣原体or occasionally滴虫病infection.
For this reason, it’s important to undergo testing if you may have been infected with a性传播感染（STI）。
Generally, most cases of urethritis are the result of an infection from either a bacteria or a virus. Bacteria are the most common causes. The same bacteria that can cause bladder and kidney infections can also infect the lining of the urethra. Bacteria found naturally in the genital area may also cause urethritis if they enter the urinary tract.
According to the
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- 衣原体沙眼
- 支原体生殖器
病原体是引起疾病的生物学剂。引起性传播感染的相同病原体也可能引起尿道炎。这些包括引起的细菌gonorrhea衣原体和引起毛张头虫病的寄生虫。
There are also viruses that can lead to the development of urethritis. These include thehuman papillomavirus (HPV)， 这单纯疱疹病毒（HSV），以及巨细胞病毒（CMV）。
有不同类型的尿道炎，由炎症原因分类。它们是淋球菌尿道炎和非农肠球炎。
淋球菌尿道炎是由引起淋病的相同细菌引起的。它占20％尿道炎病例。
Nongonococcal urethritis is urethritis caused by other infections that are not gonorrhea. Chlamydia is a common cause of nongonococcal urethritis, with other STIs also being a probable culprit.
但是，可能是因为与性传播感染无关的刺激可能发生。这些原因可能包括伤害，例如导管, or other kinds of genital trauma.
尽管大量患者患有一种类型的尿道炎或另一种尿道炎，但可能会立即有不同的尿道炎原因。在女性中尤其如此。
Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. They’ll likely also examine the genital area for discharge, tenderness, sores and any signs of an STI. This can help them to make a diagnosis.
They may order tests to analyze a urine sample or a swab taken from the urethra or vaginal area. If the doctor suspects a specific STI, there will likely be a test that can allow the doctor to confirm or rule out that potential diagnosis. Blood tests may be taken to check for other STIs, likeHIVandsyphilis。
根据您的医生及其实验室，您可以在几天后立即获得测试结果。这使他们能够尽快开始接受治疗，并让您知道您的伴侣是否也需要接受测试和治疗。
尿道炎的治疗通常包括抗生素或抗病毒药物治疗。尿道炎的一些常见治疗方法包括：
- azithromycin，一种抗生素，通常以一次剂量服用
- doxycycline, an oral antibiotic that is typically taken twice a day for seven days
- 红霉素抗生素,可以管理ed orally, four times a day for seven days
- Ofloxacin，一种口服抗生素，通常每天两次服用7天
- levofloxacin，一种通常每天服用一次的口服抗生素
7天
如果性传播感染引起了感染，那么所有性伴侣都必须在必要时进行测试和治疗。这样可以防止性传播感染和再感染的传播。
You may see improvement in your symptoms just a few days after beginning treatment. You should still finish out your prescription as recommended by your doctor, or the infection could come become worse. Those with urethritis should wait one week once they are completely finished with their prescription and their partner has finished treatment before resuming sexual activity.
Potential drug interactions for the medications used to treat urethritis include:
- blood-thinning medications
- heart medications
- 癫痫发作
Medication can often treat urethritis quickly. If the infection goes untreated, however, the effects can be lasting and quite serious. For example, the infection may spread to other parts of the urinary tract, including the ureters, kidneys, and bladder. These infections can be painful on their own. While they can be treated with more intensive rounds of antibiotics, they can cause damage to the organs if left untreated for too long. These untreated infections can also spread to the blood and result in sepsis, which can be deadly.
此外，经常引起尿道炎的性传播感染会损害生殖系统。妇女可能会发展盆腔炎症性疾病（PID）, which is painful and can result in不育, ongoing pelvic pain, or性生活中的疼痛。Women with untreated STIs are also at a higher risk for异位妊娠, which can be life-threatening.
男人可能会出现痛苦的炎症或前列腺感染，或由于疤痕而导致的尿道一部分的变窄，导致painful urination。For these reasons, you should speak with a doctor as soon as possible if you notice any symptoms of urethritis.
Many of the bacteria that cause urethritis can pass to another person through sexual contact. Because of this, practicing safe sex is an important preventive measure. The tips below can help reduce your risk:
- 避免having intercourse with multiple partners.
- Usecondomsevery time you have sex.
- Get tested regularly.
- Protect others. If you find out you have an STI, inform others who are also at risk of an infection.
除了更安全的性行为外，还有其他方法可以促进良好的尿路健康。这可以降低您的尿道炎风险和影响身体这一部分的其他一些疾病。喝大量的液体，并确保在性交后不久小便。避免acidic foods。Also, avoid exposure to spermicides, particularly if you already know they irritate your urethra.