概述
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) happens when your stomach contents rise into your esophagus. It’s a minor condition that affects most people at one time or another.
胃食管反流疾病（GERD）是一种更严重而持久的GER形式。它刺激了你的食管。如果没有治疗，它可能导致严重的健康并发症。
Distinguishing between GER and GERD can help you get proper treatment.
What Is GER?
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is also called acid reflux, acid indigestion, or heartburn. It occurs when acid from your stomach backs up into your esophagus. This causes a burning and tightening sensation in your chest and upper stomach area.
在正常吞咽期间，您的食道肌肉合同将食物推入胃部。然后，您的食管肌打开一个称为下食管括约肌（LES）的阀门。这种肌肉出现在胃的入口处，并允许食物通过。一旦食物到达你的胃，你的腰就会关闭，以防止你的消化酸和其他胃内容物从上升到你的食道中。
在GER期间，您的LES并不应该保持关闭。这使得胃酸蠕动恢复到食道中。它可能导致食管衬里中的刺激和燃烧。
GER is fairly common in infants who haven’t yet fully matured, as their LES muscle needs more time to develop. This is why babies typically spit up and burp after eating. However, GER can become serious if it lasts beyond the one-year mark. This can indicate that your baby has GERD.
GER or heartburn is also fairly common in adults. It’s especially common after eating large meals, foods that are hard to digest, or foods that increase stomach acids. These include fatty foods, spicy foods, and acidic fruits and juices.
What Is GERD?
胃食管反流疾病（GERD）是由医生诊断的官方疾病。它的胃灼热和酸回流的主要症状与GER类似。然而，这是一种更严重的条件，需要治疗以避免更多的健康并发症。
如果您有GERD，您可能会遇到以下症状：
- frequent heartburn, more than two times a week
- 胸痛
- 将部分消化食物的反尿入喉咙后部
- trouble swallowing
- 呼吸困难与哮喘相似
- coughing
- 咽喉痛
- 嘶哑
- a sour taste in the back of your mouth
虽然GERD的确切原因并不总是清楚的，但它们通常涉及削弱或压倒您的lees的因素。如果您有GERD，您的LES可能会以某种方式受伤或受损。结果，某些触发器，例如吃大餐或消耗酸性饮料，估计你的lev。当你的lees让路时，酸酸可以返回到你的食道中。
When Does GER Become GERD?
If you have heartburn that occurs two times a week or more, and you experience other related symptoms, you may be diagnosed with GERD.
It’s important to note any changes that occur in your digestive habits. Are you starting to experience heartburn when you didn’t before? Do you find that you’re more sensitive to certain foods than you used to be? These may be natural effects of aging. However, if symptoms persist, it’s important to make an appointment with your doctor to avoid other potentially dangerous health conditions.
Almost anyone can experience GER after consuming a large meal or when lying down too quickly after eating. However, risk factors for GERD are typically more specific. They may include:
- 遗传学
- 对你的食管造成伤害或创伤
- 结缔组织疾病削弱了你的谎言
- pregnancy
- 食管裂孔疝
- 糖尿病
- 抽烟
- 酒精使用
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- 口服类固醇疗法
- 频繁使用NSAID（例如，布洛芬，萘普生）
胃酸能克radually damage the cells and tissues in your esophagus. This can lead to the formation of scar tissue, which can make swallowing more difficult. Such damage can also lead to open sores in your esophagus, known as esophageal ulcers. It can even cause cancerous changes in the lining of your lower esophagus.
凸实的并发症can also include lung inflammation and infection, throat inflammation, and the collection of fluid in your sinuses and middle ear.
Lifestyle changes and medications can help you manage the symptoms of GERD.
For example, over-the-counter antacids may provide some relief. However, you may find that you’re taking them too often or they aren’t effective. If your symptoms persist, your doctor may prescribe medications that reduce your body’s production of stomach acid and heal your esophagus. Medications such as calcium channel blockers (CCB) and nitrates may be helpful in certain situations.
您的医生也可能推荐生活方式的变化。例如，他们可能会鼓励你：
- maintain a healthy weight
- avoid lying down after eating
- 避免触发胃灼热症状的食物
- 吃较小的饭菜
- 戒烟和使用其他含尼古丁的产品
- 避免咖啡因，巧克力和酒精
- 停止或尽量减少阿司匹林和其他NSAID的使用
如果您的症状与药物未受良好控制，您的医生可能会建议手术来加强或加强您的LES。
如果您的酸反流或其他症状常见的疾病，请务必查看您的医生。目标是在发生更多伤害之前提前解决问题。您可以使用药物和生活方式来管理您的GERD症状。