什么是急性额鼻窦炎？

您的额鼻窦是一对位于眉毛区域后面的小型空气腔。除了另外三对旁那鼻窦外，这些空腔产生了稀薄的粘液，从您的鼻腔中排出。过量的粘液产生或额窦的炎症可以防止这种粘液正确排出，从而导致称为急性额鼻窦炎的疾病。

这main cause of acute frontal sinusitis is mucus buildup due to sinus inflammation. Several factors may influence the amount of mucus being produced and your frontal sinus’ ability to drain the mucus:

病毒

这普通感冒virus is the most frequent cause of acute frontal sinusitis. When you have a cold or flu virus, it increases the amount of mucus your sinuses produce. That makes them more likely to clog and become inflamed.

细菌

您的鼻窦腔充满了称为纤毛的微小毛发，可帮助阻止生物进入鼻窦。这些纤毛没有100％的效果。细菌仍然可以进入您的鼻子并前往鼻窦腔。鼻窦中的细菌感染通常会遵循病毒感染，因为细菌在由病毒感染（如普通感冒）引起的富含粘液的环境中生长更容易。细菌感染通常会引起急性鼻窦炎的最严重症状。

Nasal polyps

息肉是您体内异常生长。额窦中的息肉可能会阻止鼻窦过滤空气并增加粘液堆积的量。

Deviated nasal septum

有一个deviated nasal septum无法平等地穿过鼻子的两侧。如果额窦的组织受到破坏，则缺乏适当的空气循环会导致炎症。

急性额鼻窦炎的危险因素包括：

  • frequent colds
  • 过敏反应
  • 吸烟烟草产品
  • enlarged adenoids (tonsils)
  • 免疫系统弱
  • fungal infections
  • structural differences in the sinus cavities that impact drainage ability

Facial pain around your eyes or forehead is the most common symptom of acute frontal sinusitis. Other symptoms may vary in severity depending on the type of inflammation or infection. They include:

  • nasal discharge
  • feeling of pressure behind the eyes
  • inability to smell
  • cough that gets worse during the night
  • 感到不适（不适）
  • a mild or high fever
  • tiredness
  • sore throat
  • 不愉快或酸呼吸

Children may have all of the above symptoms, as well as the following:

  • a cold that worsens
  • discharge that is unusual in color
  • high fever

您的医生会询问您的症状及其持续时间，以区分常见的感冒和急性额鼻窦炎。您的医生可能会轻轻敲击额窦以评估疼痛和压痛。

您也可能被称为耳朵，鼻子和喉咙医生（ENT）。该专家将检查您的鼻腔是否有息肉和炎症的迹象。他们也可能采集您的粘液样品寻找感染。

Other tests your doctor may use to diagnose acute frontal sinusitis include:

  • nasal endoscopy to look inside your sinus and nasal cavities
  • 通过CT扫描或MRI进行成像测试
  • allergy tests
  • blood tests for other possible causes of sinusitis

您的治疗取决于您的鼻窦炎是由细菌，息肉还是其他因素引起的。

Since most cases of acute frontal sinusitis are caused by a viral infection, your doctor may recommend taking a nasal spray or decongestant to decrease inflammation, assist with mucus drainage, and relieve pressure in the frontal sinuses.

You may also be advised to take an over-the-counter pain reliever to treat the symptoms caused by acute frontal sinusitis. However, children shouldn’t be given aspirin. It can cause a deadly condition known as雷耶综合症。Antihistamines are also frequently used given their drying effects, but overuse can also lead to discomfort.

如果您的症状在七到10天内无法改善，则鼻窦炎的原因可能是细菌性的。您的医生可能会开药以治疗细菌感染的抗生素。

手术可用于修复偏离的隔膜，导致急性额鼻窦炎。

Most acute sinusitis symptoms begin to disappear within a few days of treatment. However, you should always take all prescribed medications as instructed. It may take several weeks before the problem completely clears.

如果症状持续12周或更长时间,known as chronic frontal sinusitis.慢性鼻窦炎can be more difficult to treat with medicine and often requires surgery to improve sinus drainage.

您可以通过练习良好的卫生来避免感染来帮助防止鼻窦问题。您应该在进食前和洗手间后洗手。在触摸脸之前，请确保洗手。避免过敏原（例如烟草烟雾）也可以防止感染和粘液堆积。

Drink plenty of water and eat healthy foods to keep your immune system strong and functioning properly. Staying hydrated can also help with mucus drainage.