什么是角膜移植？
当受伤或疾病损害您的角膜时，角膜移植可能能够恢复或显着改善视力。角膜移植是门诊手术。大多数角膜移植都具有有利的结果，并且随着技术和训练方法的改善，成功率正在上升。
The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface of the front of the eye. The cornea along with the following helps protect your eyes from dust, germs, and foreign particles:
- 眼皮
- 眼圈
- tears
- 眼睛的白色部分或巩膜
The cornea also permits light to enter your eye.
在经历感染或视觉障碍之前，您的角膜组织会迅速治愈轻伤和划痕。但是，严重伤害会永久损害您的视力。角膜移植或角膜生成形术是一种外科手术，可用供体的健康组织代替受损或患病的角膜。
根据美国，医生每年在美国进行约40,000次角膜移植。
角膜组织来自最近死者的注册组织供体。因为几乎每个人都可以在死后捐赠角膜，所以等待名单通常不如其他主要器官移植。该组织通常来自眼库，在移植前会进行测试，以确保对您安全。
If you aren’t a good candidate for transplantation with donor tissue, you may be a candidate for an artificial cornea transplant. Donor tissue tends to bring about the best results for the majority of people. However, an artificial transplant may be more successful for people who either have severe ocular surface disease or have had more than one failed graft in the past.
A corneal transplant can restore or dramatically improve vision if you have a damaged or diseased cornea. It may treat:
- Fuchs’ dystrophy, which is a degeneration of the innermost layer of cornea
- 角膜结构
- lattice dystrophy
- a cornea that bulges outward
- 角膜的稀疏
- cornea scarring, clouding, or swelling
- a corneal ulcer, which is often caused by trauma, such as a scratched cornea
Before scheduling a corneal transplant, you’ll need a thorough eye exam. Your doctor will take exact measurements of your eye and treat any unrelated eye problems that may affect your surgery.
告诉医生您的所有医疗状况以及您服用的任何处方药和非处方药。您可能需要停止服用干扰血液凝结的药物。
Before the day of your surgery, ask your doctor for specific preparation instructions for your procedure. These may include:
- 手术前一天晚上午夜后不吃进食和饮酒
- 在手术当天穿松散，舒适的衣服
- keeping your face free of makeup, creams, lotions, and jewelry
- 安排某人在手术后开车回家
在移植期间，您可能会保持清醒状态，但是您可能会收到一个镇静剂来帮助您放松。您的外科医生会在眼睛周围注入局部麻醉，以防止疼痛并防止眼睛肌肉移动。
手术涉及使用显微镜。您的外科医生将用一种称为A的切割仪器去除一小块角膜Trephine。
Your surgeon will place your new cornea, cut to fit, and will sew it in with an ultra-fine thread that remains in place until your eye completely heals. Your doctor will easily remove this thread later.
该过程大约需要一到两个小时。您将在恢复室额外花费一个或两个小时。
You’ll be able to go home the same day as your surgery. You may feel some soreness and will most likely wear an eye patch or gauze over the affected eye for up to four days. Don’t rub your eyes. Your doctor will prescribe eye drops and possibly oral medications to help with healing and to prevent rejection or infection.
如果您遇到任何这些症状，请立即寻求医疗救助：
- shortness of breath
- 咳嗽
- chest pain
- a fever
- 发冷
- nausea
- 呕吐
角膜移植是一个相对安全的程序，但其风险包括：
- 流血的
- 感染
- 肿胀
- 镜头或白内障
- increased pressure in the eyeball, or glaucoma
Rejection
您的身体可能会拒绝移植的组织。根据
在许多情况下，类固醇眼滴可以控制排斥。拒绝的风险随着时间的流逝而减少，但并没有完全消失。
Seek medical attention right away if you experience any of these warning signs of rejection:
- 视力降低
- increasing redness of the eye
- 增加疼痛
- increasing sensitivity to light
随着眼睛的调整，您的视力可能会在几个月内变得更糟。愈合完成后，您的医生将删除手术期间使用的线。您始终需要采取额外的预防措施，以免在运动或运动期间伤害您的眼睛。您应该继续按照医生的建议进行定期的眼科检查。
Most people experience at least partial restoration of their sight, and some will continue to require prescription eyewear. Full recovery may take up to a year, but recovery times are decreasing as techniques improve.