主动脉瓣病

主动脉瓣病的症状是什么？

虽然两种形式的主动脉瓣病患症状均为类似的症状，例如在休息时缓解胸部疼痛，但它们确实有一些不同的症状。主动脉狭窄可能导致：

• 肿胀的脚踝
• fatigue
• 气促
• rapid or fluttering pulse

Aortic regurgitation can cause:

• 通常在体育活动期间昏厥
• coughing
• 心悸

两种类型的主动脉瓣病可能需要多年才能出现。因此，如果您遇到这些症状并拥有 - 或者已经 - 或者有任何条件，您应该告诉您的医生 - 任何会让您面临其风险的条件（如风湿病或猩红热）。

What Causes Aortic Valve Disease? Who Is at Risk?

Aortic Stenosis

主动脉瓣传单上的钙的堆积也可以引起主动脉狭窄。随着血液流过你的心，钙逐渐在传单上积聚。钙沉积物会导致传单加强并缩小主动脉瓣。这种主动脉瓣病的形式通常只出现在老年人身上。

风湿热和猩红热也可以引起主动脉狭窄。风湿热和猩红热可以开始作为痉挛喉咙，然后在主动脉瓣上留下疤痕。疤痕会导致主动脉瓣缩小。这种瘢痕组织也可以钙含有可以收集的表面。

Aortic Regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation shares some of the same causes as aortic stenosis, but it is sometimes caused by simple wear and tear. Your aortic valve opens and closes thousands of times per day. As time goes on, normal wear may cause the valve to malfunction. The worn valve may allow blood to flow back into your left ventricle.

心内腔是感染你的心脏瓣膜，也可以引起主动脉反转。虽然罕见，梅毒，一种性传播疾病，也可以损害你的心脏瓣膜。甚至更加罕见，心脏瓣膜损伤也是脊柱紊乱的副作用，称为强直性脊柱炎。两种类型的损坏也可能导致主动脉反转。

主动脉反流的一个原因是出生时存在的先天性心脏缺陷。主动脉的阀通常由称为小叶的三个三角形襟翼组成。当正常工作时，传单紧密配合在一起，允许血液仅在一个方向上流动。如果您的先天性缺陷，主动脉瓣可能只有一个（unicuspid）或两个（双裂）传单而不是通常的三个。当阀门最终开始显示泄漏迹象时，这种类型的主动脉反转可能不会显示任何症状直到过去。

如何诊断主动脉瓣病？

Both types of aortic valve disease are diagnosed in similar ways. Your doctor will likely ask you questions about your health history, as well as the health history of your family. You doctor may order anelectrocardiogram，通常在办公室进行测试，从您的心中测量电动冲动，提供有关心脏节奏的信息，进行运动测试，以衡量您的心脏如何应对劳累，超声心动图，使用声波创建心脏和主动脉瓣的图像的测试。胸部X射线也常用于诊断主动脉瓣病。

Your doctor may suggest a cardiac catheterization if these tests don’t provide a definitive diagnosis. This procedure uses a dye to highlight any leaks in your heart valves. The dye is injected through a vein in your groin or arm and then tracked on a monitor as it moves through your heart. The doctor may also order a心脏玛格尼tic resonance imaging test使用磁场和无线电波以提供内心和主动脉根的详细照片。

如何治疗主动脉瓣病？

There are currently no medications available to treat the valve problems of aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation, but your doctor can prescribe medications that can help reduce the effects of the disease.

药物

In the case of aortic regurgitation, medication can lower your blood pressure and prevent the buildup of fluid. If you have aortic stenosis, your doctor may recommend the use of drugs to control disturbances in your heart’s rhythm. Beta and calcium blockers can help with angina (chest pain). Your doctor may also prescribe statin drugs to lower your blood cholesterol levels.

Surgery

While there are several surgical methods of treatment for aortic valve disease, the most common and most effective is aortic valve replacement. In this procedure, a surgeon will remove your damaged aortic valve and replace it with a new one from a human donor or a large animal, such as a cow or pig.

您的外科医生可以选择机械阀。这些是由金属制成的，并且是坚固的，但它们增加了心脏中血凝块的风险。如果您有机械阀，您可能需要抗凝血药，如华法林（香豆素），以永久管理您的状况。

Rather than replace the valve, your surgeon may choose to repair it with a procedure called a valvuloplasty. Unlike valve replacement, this method does not require long-term use of medication after your operation.

在婴儿和儿童中，可以进行气球血管成形术。在此过程中，外科医生将带有球囊的薄管插入孩子的身体。外科医生将气球引导到主动脉瓣上并充气。当它充气时，气球延伸了阀门的开口并改善了血流。这种类型的valvuloplasty通常不会在成人上进行，因为阀门稍后再次缩小。

How to Prevent Aortic Valve Disease

You can take steps to lower your chances of developing aortic valve disease. To lower your risk of aortic valve disease, you should try the following:

Preventing rheumatic and scarlet fever

If you have a sore throat, you may want to have it checked by your doctor to make sure that it’s not strep throat. Strep throat could progress into something that could damage your heart.

练习良好的牙齿卫生

Make sure that your teeth and gums are well cared for. This reduces the chance of bloodstream infections that cause endocarditis.

保持心脏健康

如果您有高血压或高胆固醇，请与您的医生谈论您可以降低它们的步骤。这两种条件都具有与主动脉瓣病的紧密联系。