Experts are looking at “smarter” opioids, easier access to addiction treatment drugs, and training for doctors as potential ways to quell the opioid crisis.
Since 2000, there’s been a
There seems to be no doubt that the rate of opioid addictions and deaths is amajor problem在美国。可以做些什么来缓解这场危机？以下是2018年可能突破的一些潜在治疗方法。
A study published today in the journal Cell concludes that it’s possible to create pain-relieving opioids that don’t cause side effects. These side effects include anxiety, nausea, and dependency.
原样，阿片类药物与细胞表面上的受体结合。
由北卡罗来纳大学医学院的研究人员领导的团队检查了Kappa阿片受体（KOR），细胞表面上的蛋白质是如何激活的。
通过这种知识，研究人员表示，他们开发了一种仅激活该受体的新药物样化合物。
That way, the opioids only relieve pain and aren’t addictive.
Knowing that structure, Dr. Bryan Roth, a professor at UNC-Chapel Hill, said that drug-like compounds could be developed to be more selective to specific opioid receptors.
By targeting KORs, the few drugs that bind to it don’t lead to addiction or cause death due to overdose, Roth explained.
“靶向该受体的药物可能具有低成瘾潜力和与呼吸抑郁症无关，这导致阿片类药物过量死亡，”罗斯向健康联系起来。雷竞技app官网
此外，琥珀C. Lindsey，LCDC-I，休斯顿泰勒回收中心的计划总监，告诉健康线雷竞技app官网vaccines目前正在开发用于靶向血液的阿片类药物，希望预防药物达到大脑并施加欣快效果。
Additionally,
虽然12步计划可以有效地工作以治疗酒精使用障碍，但对阿片类药物沉迷的人并非如此。
Remedying opioid addiction with medication-assisted treatment is the most promising avenue, says Andrew Kolodny, co-director of the Opioid Policy Research Collaborative at Brandeis University in Massachusetts.
First, he notes, the country must prevent people from becoming addicted. That requires being more cautious in prescribing opioids.
“处方实践必须改变，”Kolodny告诉健康线条。雷竞技app官网
其次，可能有必要治疗已经含有其他药物的人。
The country as a whole, Kolodny said, isn’t making it easy to access these addiction-defeating drugs.
Buprenorphine remains the best treatment for opioid addiction. It’ll soon be available as a每月注射so people don’t have to remember to take a pill daily.
However, Kolodny noted that although doctors can prescribe opioids, they’re more regulated when prescribing the treatment for opioid addiction.
Physicians must complete an eight-hour training to apply for permission to prescribe buprenorphine under The Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000.
该法律授予一名药物执法机构（DEA）豁免医生，他们完成培训，以促进丁丙诺啡治疗阿片类药物使用障碍。然而，患者的数量限制了医生可以治疗。
Most of the doctors doing this don’t take insurance, so funding the treatment has to come out of pocket.
Another challenge to getting treatment is that many people with an opioid addiction don’t know that buprenorphine is an effective treatment, Kolodny said.
Along with buprenorphine, other FDA-approved options for treating opioid addiction include methadone and naltrexone.
Edwin A. Salsitz博士在纽约市北部贝特以色列成瘾医学专家博士表示，他们已经过度测试了有效和安全。
“一般而言，药物与心理社会治疗结合，以提供最佳结果，”Salsitz讲述了健康的线条。雷竞技app官网
Methadone maintenance is helpful for people who don’t do well with buprenorphine. But people have to visit a clinic daily to receive that treatment.
Suboxone is another viable treatment akin to buprenorphine, Kolodny added.
另一位治疗障碍是让人们的地理获得援助。
Astudy在家庭医学的历史中发现，美国约有60％的农村县在美国没有医生可以开丁甲啡。
当人们听到对阿片类药物治疗的药物时，他们可能会想到鼻腔喷雾Narcan.
While it’s more readily available, people saved by the Narcan antidote may simply overdose again.
“It’s too downstream an intervention,” Kolodny said. “If you save someone and you don’t treat them, you’re just going to have to treat them with it again.”
Kolodny表示，医生必须受到规定和培训的阿片类药物。
In addition, restrictions that limit buprenorphine access must be lifted.
Manufacturers must also be regulated, Kolodny added.
“我们拥有这种流行病的原因是因为医生开始积极开展规定，以应对没有谈论成瘾的欺骗性的营销活动，”Kolodny说。
美国的制药研究和制造商（Phrma）与最近推出的成瘾政策论坛合作“Priorities to Address Addiction in America，“解决阿片类药物危机的倡议。
The plan attempts to pinpoint gaps in existing programs, boost education, and connect people to treatment, among other actions.
该组织也是提出限制阿片类药物供应到七天的政策，急性疼痛，授权售前培训，并消除将患者纳入所有形式的成瘾治疗的覆盖障碍。
Salsitz认为有几种方法可以用于缓解阿片类药物危机。
Among them are wider Narcan distribution, more funding for prevention and treatment, decreasing the importation of fentanyl into the United States, and decreasing societal issues that result in increased vulnerability to opioid addiction.
“There is no silver-bullet solution to the opioid epidemic,” Salsitz said. “A multipronged, multidimensional effort is required. Effective treatment exists. Greater accessibility is required.”
Mark W. Parrino, MPA, president of the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD), told Healthline that it’ll be some time before Americans break free from opioid addiction.
他noted that the criminal justice system has been slow to provide treatment access — something that is changing slowly.
内华达州是十几个国家之一，有一个有规则，以限制阿片类药物处方或限制其实力的天数。
一个新项目有pre-prescription安装safeguards for doctors. It also bolsters the requirements to continue a prescription after one month, three months, and a year.