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什么是瑞克？

Rickets is a skeletal disorder that’s caused by a缺乏维生素D，钙或磷酸盐。这些营养素对于发展坚固，健康的骨骼很重要。有rick鼠的人可能有弱和柔软的骨骼，发育不良的生长，在严重的情况下，骨骼畸形。

维生素D可帮助您的身体从肠道中吸收钙和磷酸盐。您可以从各种食品中获得维生素D，包括牛奶，鸡蛋和鱼类。接触阳光时，您的身体还会产生维生素。

A vitamin D deficiency makes it difficult for your body to maintain sufficient levels of calcium and phosphate. When this occurs, your body produces hormones that cause calcium and phosphate to be released from your bones. When your bones lack these minerals, they become weak and soft.

在6到36个月大的儿童中，Rickets最常见。Children are at the highest risk of rickets because they’re still growing. Children might not get enough vitamin D if they live in a region with little sunlight, follow a vegetarian diet, or don’t drink milk products. In some cases, the condition is hereditary.

Rickets is rare in the United States. Rickets used to be more common, but it mostly disappeared in developed countries during the 1940s due to the introduction of fortified foods, such as cereals with added vitamin D.

Risk factors for rickets include the following:

Age

在6到36个月大的儿童中，Rickets最常见。在此期间，儿童通常会经历快速增长。这是他们的身体需要最多的钙和磷酸盐来增强和发展骨骼的时候。

饮食

You have a higher risk of developing rickets if you eat a vegetarian diet that doesn’t include fish, eggs, or milk. You’re also at an increased risk if you have trouble digesting milk or have an allergy to milk sugar (lactose). Infants who are only fed breast milk can become deficient in vitamin D as well. Breast milk doesn’t contain enough vitamin D to prevent rickets.

Skin color

非洲，太平洋岛民和中东血统的孩子的鼠身下降最高，因为它们的皮肤深色。深色皮肤对阳光的反应不如浅皮肤那样强烈，因此会产生较少的维生素D。

地理位置

我们的身体在暴露于阳光时会产生更多的维生素D，因此，如果您住在阳光少的地区，您就会更有风险。如果您在白天在室内工作，您的风险也更高。

Genes

可以继承一种形式的rick。这意味着该疾病通过您的基因传播。这种称为遗传性rick鼠的易R，可防止您的肾脏吸收磷酸盐。

Symptoms of rickets include:

  • pain or tenderness in the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, or spine
  • 发育不良的生长和矮小的身材
  • 骨折
  • 肌肉痉挛
  • teeth deformities, such as:
    • 延迟形成牙齿
    • 搪瓷孔
    • 脓肿
    • defects in the tooth structure
    • an increased number of cavities
  • 骨骼畸形，包括：
    • an oddly shaped skull
    • 弓形或鞠躬的腿
    • 胸腔中的颠簸
    • 突出的胸骨
    • a curved spine
    • 骨盆畸形

如果您的孩子表现出Rickets的迹象，请立即致电您的医生。如果在孩子的成长期内没有治疗这种疾病，那么孩子的身材可能很短。如果该疾病未经治疗，畸形也可能成为永久性。

Your doctor may be able to diagnose rickets by performing a physical examination. They will check for tenderness or pain in the bones by lightly pressing on them. Your doctor may also order certain tests to help make a rickets diagnosis, including:

  • blood tests to measure the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood
  • bone X-raysto check for bone deformities

In rare cases, a骨活检将被执行。这涉及去除一小部分骨头，该部分将发送到实验室进行分析。

Treatment for rickets focuses on replacing the missing vitamin or mineral in the body. This will eliminate most of the symptoms associated with rickets. If your child has a vitamin D deficiency, your doctor will likely want them to increase their exposure to sunlight, if possible. They will also encourage them to consume food products high in vitamin D, such as fish, liver, milk, and eggs.

钙和维生素D补充剂can also be used to treat rickets. Ask your doctor about the correct dosage, as it can vary based on the size of your child. Too much vitamin D or calcium can be unsafe.

如果存在骨骼畸形，您的孩子可能需要牙套在生长时正确定位骨骼。在严重的情况下，您的孩子可能需要进行纠正手术。

对于遗传性棘手，需要将磷酸盐补充剂和高水平的维生素D含量组合来治疗这种疾病。

Increasing vitamin D, calcium, and phosphate levels will help correct the disorder. Most children with rickets see improvements in about one week.

Skeletal deformities will often improve or disappear over time if rickets is corrected while the child is still young. However, skeletal deformities can become permanent if the disorder isn’t treated during a child’s growth period.

预防易能的最佳方法是吃包括足够量的钙，磷和维生素D的饮食。肾脏疾病的人应定期对其医生进行定期监测的钙和磷酸盐水平。

也可以通过适度的阳光来防止rick鼠。根据National Health Service of England (NHS), you only need to expose your hands and face to sunlight a few times a week during the spring and summer months to prevent rickets.

大多数成年人都可以接触到阳光。重要的是要注意，太多的阳光会损害您的皮肤，并且sunscreen应该应用于预防烧伤和皮肤损伤。Sometimes, the use of sunscreen can prevent your skin from producing vitamin D, so it’s beneficial to eat foods that contain vitamin D or to take vitamin D supplements. These preventive measures can significantly lower your risk of developing rickets.