患有Dystonia的人都有不自主的肌肉收缩，导致缓慢和重复的运动。这些运动可以：

  • cause twisting motions in one or more parts of your
    body
  • 导致你采用异常姿势

The most commonly affected body parts include your head, neck, trunk, and limbs. While dystonia can be mild, it can also be severe enough to affect your quality of life.

肌张力障碍可以以不同的方式影响你。肌肉contractions can:

  • 从一个区域开始，例如你的手臂，腿或
    neck
  • happen during a specific action, such as
    handwriting
  • 当你感到疲倦，强调或
    anxious
  • become more noticeable over time

There are three main categories of dystonia:

  • Focal: Thisis the most common type
    肌瘤。它只是影响身体的一部分。
  • 广义：这种类型影响你的大多数
    body, or your entire body.
  • 分段：此类型影响附近两种或更多种
    parts of your body.

Dystonia的确切原因是未知的。然而，医生认为某些医疗条件，遗传或脑损伤可能与这种情况有关。

Associated Conditions

Certain medical conditions that affect your brain and nerve function are associated with dystonia. These conditions include:

  • encephalitis
  • 脑瘫
  • 帕金森病
  • 亨廷顿氏病
  • Wilson’s disease
  • tuberculosis
  • brain injury
  • 中风
  • 脑肿瘤
  • brain injury during birth
  • 一氧化碳中毒
  • heavy metal poisoning

Other Causes

Other factors known or believed to cause uncontrolled muscle movement include:

  • side effects or reactions to certain antipsychotic
    medications
  • 在组织和器官中缺氧
  • inherited genes or genetic changes
  • disrupted communication between nerve cells in your
    brain

In many cases, dystonia is an ongoing symptom that may remain stable over time. You should see your doctor if:

  • there’s no clear explanation for your dystonia
  • your symptoms become worse over time
  • you’re experiencing other symptoms in addition
    to dystonia

Before Your Doctor’s Visit

It may be helpful to take a few notes about your symptoms, including:

  • 当不受控制的运动开始时
  • if the movements are constant
  • if the movements get worse at certain times

例如，症状只能在剧烈运动后爆发。您还应该了解您的家人是否有缺陷的历史。

在你的医生访问期间

Your doctor will likely take a thorough health history and perform a detailed physical exam. They will focus on your muscle and nerve function. They’ll note your:

  • medication history
  • recent illnesses
  • 过去和最近的伤病
  • recent stressful events

Your doctor may ask you to see a neurologist to diagnose the underlying cause of your condition. Your doctor or specialist may perform tests to help make a diagnosis, including:

  • 血液或尿液测试
  • 计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描
  • 磁共振成像（MRI）
  • 电灰度（EMG）
  • 电脑图（EEG）
  • spinal tap
  • 基因研究

There is no cure for dystonia. However, certain medications can help manage your symptoms.

肉毒杆菌毒素类型A（Botox）注射

Botox injections into targeted muscle groups can help ease your muscle contractions. You must receive the injections every three months. Side effects include fatigue, dry mouth, and changes in your voice.

Oral Medications

影响叫做多巴胺的神经递质的药物也可能改善您的症状。多巴胺控制你的大脑的乐景并调节运动。

Physical Therapy

按摩，热处理和低冲击锻炼可能有助于管理您的症状。

替代治疗方法

Dystonia替代治疗的研究有限。有些人通过练习某些替代疗法（例如：）发现了救济

  • 针灸：插入的古老练习
    小巧，薄的针分成身体的各个点，疼痛缓解。
  • yoga: exercise that combines gentle stretching
    深呼吸和冥想的运动。
  • biofeedback: electrical sensors that monitor
    your body functions and identify ways to control your muscle tension and blood
    pressure.

Severe dystonia can cause a number of complications, such as:

  • physical deformities, which may become permanent
  • 不同程度的身体残疾
  • abnormal positioning of your head
  • problems swallowing
  • 难以演讲
  • issues with jaw movement
  • 疼痛
  • fatigue

Even though there’s no cure for dystonia, there are treatment options to help you manage your symptoms. Speak with your doctor about your risk of developing complications. You may have to try a few treatments, but there are steps you can take to start managing your dystonia.