概述

Gastrinomas are rare tumors forming in the pancreas or duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. These growths can form as a single tumor or group of tumors. They begin in the cells that produce gastrin, which is a hormone responsible for secreting gastric acid. If you have a gastrinoma, your body secretes large amounts of gastrin, resulting in a higher level of stomach acid. This higher level can cause the formation of溃疡在你的胃和小肠。

胃肠瘤可以是良性的或恶性的。据此称，超过60％的胃泌素是癌症胰腺和胆道疾病中心.

由于胃胰瘤引起胃酸产生的增加，因此症状类似于消化溃疡的症状。有些人在医生诊断前几年患有症状。

症状of a gastrinoma include:

  • stomach pain
  • 腹泻
  • indigestion or heartburn
  • 腹胀
  • vomiting
  • 恶心
  • 出血
  • 减肥
  • 胃口不好

尽管溃疡可以发生肿瘤，但患有溃疡并不意味着你有肿瘤。然而，如果您有持久性溃疡和以下条件之一，您的医生可能会检查胃肾域瘤：

  • 肠穿孔和出血
  • 高钙水平
  • a family history of gastrinoma
  • 过量胃酸不会随治疗而改善

Gastrinomas are the uncontrolled division of cells that produce gastrin. The exact cause of this condition is unknown, although there may be a genetic link.

Gastrinomas can develop sporadically for unknown reasons. But approximately 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas are associated with an inherited genetic disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), says the 国家糖尿病和消化肾病研究所（Niddkd） .

这种遗传性疾病的特征在于激素产生腺体中肿瘤的发展。Men1的其他症状可包括更高的激素水平，肾结石，diabetes，肌肉弱点和骨折。

Your doctor may recommend testing if you have ulcers that don’t respond to treatment. Diagnostic tests to confirm gastrinoma include:

Secretin test/fasting serum gastrin

该测试通过测量其响应激素浸蛋白的能力来诊断胰腺的问题。在此测试期间，您的医生将激素注射到血液中，然后监控您的身体的反应。您的医生会检查注射后是否会增加胃泌素水平。

Gastric pH test

此测试使用endoscopyto assess the amount of gastric acid in your stomach. Higher levels of both gastrin and stomach acid may indicate a gastrinoma.

成像测试

您的医生可以订购CT扫描或MRI以确定肿瘤的位置，并评估肿瘤是否已扩散到其他器官。胃泌素瘤或病变可以很小，因此这些成像测试可能不会产生图像。在这种情况下，您的医生可以完成内窥镜超声波。对于此程序，您的医生将管子插入喉咙上的连接摄像头，以寻找胃部或小肠中的肿瘤。

Biopsy

If your doctor discovers a tumor, the next step is a biopsy. Your doctor removes a sample from the tumor, and then sends this sample to a lab for testing.

肿瘤的位置，以及它们是否蔓延到身体的其他部位，决定了你的医生如何治疗胃泌素瘤。手术是主要的治疗，手术的目的是从身体中去除癌症并治愈疾病。

The procedure your doctor recommends is also based on the location of the tumor. Surgical options may include:

  • removal of the entire tumor
  • 去除胰腺的头部或胰腺的尾部
  • small bowel resection (removal of part of the small bowel and the tumor)
  • surgery to remove tumors that have spread to other organs, such as the lymph nodes or liver

与手术相关的风险包括感染，疼痛和失血。与医生交谈以了解您的风险。

耶鲁大学管理学院etimes, surgery isn’t an option, or the cancer spreads and becomes incurable. If you develop secondary liver cancer from gastrinoma, treatment options include:

  • radiofrequency ablation (uses heat to kill cancer cells)
  • transarterial chemoembolization (injects chemotherapy directly into the tumor)
  • selective internal radiotherapy (a therapy that targets the blood supply to the liver)

Other treatments for gastrinomas include:

  • chemotherapy (kills cancer cells that can’t be removed surgically)
  • 质子泵抑制剂（减少胃酸的生产）

胃泌素可以恶化并导致左侧未经处理的其他问题。您可以在胃部或小肠中培养额外的溃疡，并且存在小肠穿孔的风险。这是当一个孔形成在胃肠道墙壁中。

Gastrinomas also cause poor pancreatic function in some people. If your pancreas can’t properly produce enzymes and hormones, your body may have difficulty digesting food.

There is a good prognosis when surgery is possible and the disease has not spread to other organs. With the tumor removed from the body, it’s possible to live a long, active life. But even after surgery, follow up with your doctor periodically to check for the presence of new tumors.

It’s possible to treat gastrinomas that spread to other organs, yet some of these tumors may be incurable. If so, treatment can help control symptoms and extend your life.