What is parainfluenza?
Parainfluenza指的是一组称为人类副磷素病毒（HPIVS）的病毒。该组中有四个病毒。每个人都会引起不同的症状和疾病。所有形式的HPIV在人体的上呼吸区或下呼吸区引起感染。
HPIV的症状就像普通感冒的症状。当病例温和时，病毒通常会被误诊。大多数健康的人感染了HPIV康复的情况，没有治疗。但是，免疫系统弱化的人有发展威胁生命的感染的风险。
存在四种类型的HPIV。它们都会引起呼吸道感染，但是感染的类型，症状和感染的位置取决于您的病毒类型。HPIV的四种类型可以感染任何人。
HPIV-1
HPIV-1is the leading cause of croup in children.chroup是一种呼吸道疾病，在声带附近和上呼吸系统的其他部位表现出肿胀。HPIV-1负责秋季爆发。在美国，在奇数年份中，爆发往往更为普遍。
HPIV-2
HPIV-2causes croup in children, but doctors detect it much less often than HPIV-1. It’s seen mostly in the autumn but to a lesser degree than HPIV-1.
HPIV-3
HPIV-3感染主要与肺炎和细支气管炎，这因肺最小气道的炎症而肿胀。它通常在春季和初夏引起感染，但全年出现。
With HPIV-3, the exact period of time you’re contagious hasn’t been determined. However, it has been shown that viral shedding, and therefore the risk of passing on HPIV-3, typically occurs within the first 3 to 10 days of symptoms. In rare cases, viral shedding has been seen up to three to four weeks.
HPIV-4
HPIV-4is rarer than the other types. Unlike the other strains of HPIV, there are no known seasonal patterns of HPIV-4.
You can become infected by an HPIV in several ways. An HPIV can survive on a hard surface for up to 10 hours. If you touch a contaminated surface with your hands and then touch your nose or mouth, you can become infected.
The viruses can also infect you through close contact with an infected person. It usually takes between two and seven days after infection for symptoms to occur.
四种HPIV类型的常见症状与普通感冒非常相似。他们包括：
- fever
- cough
- runny nose
- stuffy nose
- 胸痛
- 咽喉痛
- 呼吸急促
- wheezing
- difficulty breathing
Most often, the symptoms of HPIVs aren’t severe enough to cause concern in healthy adults. But they can be life-threatening in an infant, older adult, or anyone with a compromised or weakened immune system.
如果您是高危人群的一员，并且患有HPIV症状，则应该去看医生或去急诊室。
如果您不属于高风险人群，您的医生可能不会诊断出您的HPIV压力。如果您的免疫系统受损，您的医生可能希望确认特定类型的HPIV类型。
您的医生可能会进行身体检查，以确定您的症状是否与HPIV相符。为了进行更准确的诊断，您的医生可能会服用喉咙或鼻子拭子。他们可以检测并鉴定细胞培养中病毒的存在。您的医生还可以通过检测身体与病毒抗原抗原来诊断特定的病毒。
您的医生可能会订购chest X-rayor aCT scan你的胸部。这些都是成像技术，可让您的医生看到呼吸系统中正在发生的事情。X射线和CT扫描可以帮助您的医生确定症状的程度以及您是否患有肺炎等并发症。
没有治疗可以消除您的身体。如果您患有HPIV感染，则只需让它运行其路线即可。
症状可以用盐水鼻子滴和镇痛药（如阿司匹林）或对乙酰氨基酚（Tylenol）（Tylenol）等非处方药治疗。
However, it’s important to note that children and teenagers who have a fever and a viral infection shouldn’t take aspirin. Aspirin is linked toReye’s syndrome，一种威胁生命的疾病，当它用于治疗病毒疾病。
凉爽的薄雾加湿器可以帮助儿童呼吸更好。
您可以采取步骤防止HPIV感染。定期洗手，并消毒可以携带病毒的表面。避免与受感染者的密切接触也可以降低您的感染风险。
There’s currently no vaccine that prevents HPIV infection.
An HPIV isn’t a serious illness for most people, but the symptoms can be very uncomfortable for several days. As long as your immune system is functioning properly, you should be able to fight off the infection.