地中海饮食中富含美味的成分,例如水果,蔬菜,全谷物和心脏健康的脂肪,都相等地且营养丰富。
It’s also associated with a variety of benefits and may help support brain function, promote heart health, regulate blood sugar levels, and more.
Although there are no concrete rules for how to follow the Mediterranean diet, there are many general guidelines you can follow to incorporate the principles of the diet into your daily routine.
This article takes a closer look at what the Mediterranean diet is, how to follow it, and how it can affect your health.
The Mediterranean diet is based on the traditional foods that people used to eat in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, including France, Spain, Greece, and Italy.
研究人员指出,这些人非常健康,许多慢性病的风险很低(
尽管没有严格的饮食规则或法规,但通常会鼓励水果,蔬菜,全谷物,豆类,坚果,种子和心脏健康的脂肪。加工食品,添加的糖和精制谷物应受到限制(
Numerous学习现在已经表明,地中海饮食可以促进体重减轻,并有助于预防心脏病发作,中风,2型糖尿病和过早死亡(
因此,通常建议那些希望改善健康并预防慢性病的人进行地中海饮食。
地中海饮食与一长串健康益处有关。
Promotes heart health
The Mediterranean diet has been studied extensively for its ability to promote heart health.
实际上,研究表明,地中海饮食甚至可能与心脏病和中风的较低风险有关(
一项研究比较了地中海饮食和低脂饮食的影响,并报告说地中海饮食在减慢动脉中斑块积聚的进展方面更有效,这是心脏病的主要危险因素(
Other research shows that the Mediterranean diet could also help lower levels of diastolic and systolic blood pressure to support heart health (
支持健康的血糖水平
The Mediterranean diet encourages a variety of nutrient-dense foods, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and heart-healthy fats.
As such, following this eating pattern may help stabilize blood sugar levels and protect against type 2 diabetes (
Interestingly, multiple studies have found that the Mediterranean diet can reduce fasting blood sugar levels and improve levels of hemoglobin A1C, a marker used to measure long-term blood sugar control (
也已显示地中海饮食可降低胰岛素抵抗,这种疾病会损害人体使用胰岛素有效调节血糖水平的能力(
保护大脑功能
几项研究表明,地中海饮食可能对大脑健康有益,甚至随着年龄的增长,甚至可以防止认知能力下降。
例如,一项包括512人在内的研究发现,对地中海饮食的依从性更大,与阿尔茨海默氏病的几种危险因素的记忆力和减少有关(
其他研究发现,地中海饮食可能与痴呆症,认知障碍和阿尔茨海默氏病的较低风险有关(
更重要的是,一项大型评论还表明,在地中海饮食之后,健康老年人的认知功能,记忆,注意力和处理速度的改善(
究竟哪种食物属于地中海饮食是有争议的,部分原因是国家之间存在差异。
大多数研究所检查的饮食含量很高,健康植物食品的饮食量很高,动物产品和肉类的饮食相对较低。但是,建议每周至少两次吃鱼和海鲜。
The Mediterranean lifestyle also involves regular physical activity, sharing meals with other people, and minimizing stress levels.
您可以包括新鲜,冷冻,干和罐装水果和蔬菜的混合物,但请检查包装标签以添加糖和钠。
理想情况下,您应该以这些健康的地中海食品为基础:
- 蔬菜:西红柿,西兰花,羽衣甘蓝, spinach, onions, cauliflower, carrots, Brussels sprouts, cucumbers, potatoes, sweet potatoes, turnips
- 水果:苹果,香蕉,橘子,梨,草莓,葡萄,日期, figs, melons, peaches
- Nuts, seeds, and nut butters:杏仁,核桃, macadamia nuts, hazelnuts, cashews, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, almond butter, peanut butter
- Legumes:豆,豌豆,小扁豆,豆类,花生,鹰嘴豆
- 全谷类:燕麦,糙米,黑麦,大麦,玉米,荞麦,全麦面包和面食
- Fish and seafood:三文鱼,沙丁鱼,鳟鱼,金枪鱼,鲭鱼,虾,牡蛎,蛤,螃蟹,贻贝
- 家禽:chicken, duck, turkey
- 蛋:chicken, quail, and duck eggs
- Dairy:cheese, yogurt, milk
- 草药和香料:大蒜, basil, mint, rosemary, sage, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper
- 健康脂肪:extra virgin olive oil, olives,牛油果, 和鳄梨油
遵循地中海饮食时,您应该限制这些加工食品和成分:
- 添加糖:添加了糖is found in many foods but especially high in soda, candies, ice cream, table sugar, syrup, and baked goods
- 精制谷物:白面包,意大利面,玉米饼,薯条,饼干
- 反式脂肪:在发现人造黄油, fried foods, and other processed foods
- 精制油:豆油,canola oil,棉籽油,葡萄籽油
- Processed meat:加工香肠,热狗,熟食肉,牛肉干
- 高度加工食品:快餐,便利餐,微波炉爆米花,格兰诺拉麦片酒吧
饮料
水应该是您的地中海饮食饮料。
这种饮食还包括适量的红酒- 每天大约一杯。
However, this is completely optional, and wine should be avoided by some people including, anyone who is pregnant, has difficulty drinking in moderation, or is taking certain medications that may interact with alcohol.
咖啡和tea在地中海饮食中也是健康的饮料选择。注意添加大量糖或奶油。
You’ll want to limit sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soda or sweet tea, which are very high in added sugar. Fruit juice would be OK to include in moderation, but you’re better off choosing whole fruits to get the benefit of fiber.
Below is a sample menu for 1 week of meals on the Mediterranean diet.
Feel free to adjust the portions and food choices based on your own needs and preferences, and add snacks as desired.
Monday
- 早餐:希腊酸奶与草莓和奇亚种子
- Lunch:a全谷物三明治与鹰嘴豆泥和蔬菜
- 晚餐:金枪鱼沙拉配蔬菜和橄榄油,以及水果沙拉
周二
- 早餐:燕麦片和蓝莓
- Lunch:卡普雷斯西葫芦与马苏里拉奶酪,樱桃番茄,橄榄油和香醋
- 晚餐:a salad with tomatoes, olives, cucumbers, farro, grilled chicken, and feta cheese
周三
- 早餐:蘑菇煎蛋卷,西红柿和洋葱ns
- Lunch:a whole grain sandwich with cheese and fresh vegetables
- 晚餐:地中海烤宽面条
Thursday
- 早餐:酸奶切成薄片的水果和坚果
- Lunch:藜麦沙拉和鹰嘴豆
- 晚餐:烤三文鱼与糙米和蔬菜
Friday
- 早餐:鸡蛋和炒蔬菜和全麦吐司
- Lunch:用香蒜酱,火鸡香肠,西红柿,胡椒和奶酪填充西葫芦船
- 晚餐:烤羊肉配沙拉和烤土豆
Saturday
- 早餐:燕麦片,葡萄干,坚果和苹果片
- Lunch:一个蔬菜的全谷物三明治
- 晚餐:地中海披萨用全麦皮塔饼面包制成,上面放上奶酪,蔬菜和橄榄
星期日
- 早餐:蔬菜和橄榄的煎蛋卷
- Lunch:沙拉三明治碗配羊果,洋葱,西红柿,鹰嘴豆泥和米饭
- 晚餐:grilled chicken with vegetables, sweet potato fries, and fresh fruit
通常不需要数卡路里or track macronutrients (protein,脂肪和carbs) on the Mediterranean diet.
如果您开始在两餐之间感到饥饿,那么您可以在地中海饮食中享受很多健康的零食选择。
这里有一些可以帮助您入门的想法:
许多餐厅用餐适合地中海饮食。尝试选择全谷物,蔬菜,豆类,海鲜和健康脂肪。这也是享受您的饭菜并与好陪伴品尝的关键,因此选择听起来不错的东西。
这里有一些技巧可以帮助您在外出吃饭时适应菜肴:
- Choose fish or seafood as your main dish.
- 询问服务器是否可以用特级初榨橄榄油煮熟。
- 选择全谷物面包,用橄榄油代替黄油。
- 将蔬菜添加到您的订单中。
在商店的外围购物总是一个好主意,这是通常可以找到全食物的地方。
尽可能多地选择营养丰富的食物,包括水果,蔬菜,坚果,种子,豆类和全谷物。
以下是一些基本的地中海饮食项目,要添加到您的购物清单中:
- 蔬菜:胡萝卜,洋葱,西兰花,菠菜,羽衣甘蓝,大蒜,西葫芦,蘑菇
- 冷冻蔬菜:peas, carrots, broccoli, mixed vegetables
- Tubers:土豆,地瓜,山药
- 水果:apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, melons, peaches, pears, strawberries, blueberries
- Grains:全谷物面包,全谷物意大利面,藜麦,糙米,燕麦
- Legumes:lentils, chickpeas, black beans, kidney beans
- 坚果:杏仁,核桃,腰果,开心果,澳洲坚果
- 种子:sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds
- 调味品:海盐,胡椒,姜黄, cinnamon, cayenne pepper, oregano
- 海鲜:三文鱼, sardines, mackerel, trout, shrimp, mussels
- Dairy products:希腊酸奶,酸奶,牛奶
- 家禽:chicken, duck, turkey
- 蛋:chicken, quail, and duck eggs
- 健康脂肪:特级初榨橄榄油,橄榄,鳄梨,鳄梨油
尽管没有一种定义的地中海饮食,但这种饮食模式通常富含健康的植物食品,而动物食品的植物食品相对较低,重点是鱼类和海鲜。
它与许多健康益处有关,可能有助于稳定血糖水平,促进心脏健康,增强大脑功能等等。
最重要的是,您可以以适合您的方式调整地中海饮食的原则。如果您不喜欢鲑鱼和沙丁鱼,但全麦面食和橄榄油是您的最爱,请开始用您喜欢的食物来建造美味的,地中海风格的餐点。