Healthy sex is just one aspect of sexual health. Sexual health encompasses the entire spectrum of health and well-being of an individual. It includes all the following aspects in relation to sexuality:
- physical
- 情绪化
- mental
- social
According to the
It involves topics such as:
- sexual orientation and gender identity
- 了解解剖学，生殖健康和生育能力
- understanding the risks involved in sexual activity
- 尊重胁迫或暴力的关系
- 愉悦且安全的性经历
- access to good healthcare
- 访问与性活动有关的自我保健实用性的教育资源
Read on to learn about these areas of sexual health:
- safer sex practices
- getting screened regularly for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- choosing vaccines and medications
- using contraception properly
- 获得有关生殖健康问题的医疗
- 对低性欲的怎么办
If you’re sexually active, it places you at an increased risk for contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which are now more commonly known as STIs.
Vaginal, anal, and oral sex all put you at risk for sexually transmitted infections.
Risk increases as the number of sexual partners increases, though it’s possible to contract an STI the first time you have sex with a partner.
但是，知道如何保护自己和您的伴侣可以帮助降低感染性传播感染的风险。性活动期间的适当保护也可以帮助防止性传播感染传播。
STI预防是性健康的重要组成部分，但性健康不仅仅是没有疾病。
- 对性有很好的了解
- 与您的性伴侣建立自愿和积极的关系
- enjoying the sex you’re having
同时，请继续阅读以了解最佳实践，以帮助您和您的性伴侣保护性传播感染。
Practice safer sex
更安全的性练习通常涉及使用体内的障碍，以防止您和您的伴侣共享体液。这些障碍方法中的一些包括：
- 外避孕套
- internal condoms
- dental dams
- gloves
These methods have been shown to be effective at preventing STIs, which are transmitted through bodily fluids such as:
- semen
- blood
- vaginal secretions
- saliva
Barrier methods can help protect you and your partner from STIs such as:
- HIV
- 淋病
- 衣原体
- 滴虫病
- 肝炎, B, and C
屏障方法在防止通过皮肤接触传播的性传播性传播性传播性传播的障碍方法较小，但它们仍然可以帮助降低风险。
通过皮肤到皮肤接触传播的性传播性传播感染的示例包括：
- syphilis
- HPV（人乳头瘤病毒）
- HSV (herpes simplex virus)
耻骨虱子也可以通过这种方法从一个人传递到另一个人。
选择屏障方法时，选择乳胶或聚氨酯避孕套和牙科坝。并始终在任何类型的性接触或渗透过程中使用它们来保护您和您的伴侣。
使用避孕套，牙科水坝和手套可以帮助减少传播感染的传播：
- 口交
- vaginal sex
- anal sex
It’s important to note that some STIs can be transmitted during oral sex, including:
- syphilis
- HPV
- herpes
- 淋病
- 衣原体
根据疾病控制与预防中心的说法，HPV导致有关
This year, according to the American Cancer Society,
研究还表明，由HPV感染引起的口咽癌诊断数量稳定增加。
HPV尚不众所周知会引起其他口腔和喉咙癌，例如嘴巴，唾液腺，喉部（语音盒），嘴唇或鼻子。
Prevent HIV with PrEP
PrEP，或暴露前的预防，是一种处方药，旨在帮助防止在没有障碍方法或共享针头的性爱期间收缩艾滋病毒。这是在可能的艾滋病毒接触之前进行的。
最常见的准备药可在品牌名称下获得Truvadaanddescovy。
PREP具有副作用，但它们通常会随着时间的流逝而消失。它们可以包括：
- headache
- diarrhea
- nausea
- 疲劳
- 肚子痛
Talk with your doctor about whether PrEP may be a good option for you, especially if:
- you plan to have sex without a condom with a partner who has HIV or another STI
- you or your sexual partner share needles
- 您的性伴侣通常在与您或其他伴侣发生性关系期间不使用障碍方法
- your sexual partner is a penis owner and has sex with other penis owners
预防性疫苗
目前，有三种性传播疫苗可用：
食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的目前三种HPV疫苗是：
- Cervarixprotects against the two strains of HPV that cause most cases of cervical cancer.
- 加达西尔预防这两种菌株，以及导致大多数生殖器疣的两种菌株。
- 加达西尔9覆盖与Gardasil相同的四个HPV菌株，但还包括另外五个“高风险”菌株，总计九个菌株。
These vaccines are most effective when given before having sex. It’s typically recommended beginning vaccinations for young women and men at age 11 years old. You can still get vaccinated through your late 20s.
Health insurance generally covers the cost of the vaccines for people up to age 26 years. Though the
The hepatitis B vaccine is normally given during infancy. Hepatitis B causes liver disease. It can be transmitted through sexual activity without a barrier method as well as through blood or blood products.
Hepatitis A is not usually passed from person to person during sex, but it can be transmitted during oral-anal contact. The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children ages 1 year and older.
筛选性传播感染
筛查可以帮助减少感染性传播感染的风险。定期的STI测试可以帮助减少感染的长期影响。
Left untreated, bacterial STIs such as淋病and衣原体可能会对您的健康（包括不育）产生严重的负面影响。筛查可以帮助防止这些并发症。
Make a date with a new partner to get tested before starting a sexual relationship. That way, you’ll each know if you’re putting each other at risk, and treatment can be given if appropriate.
建议对任何性活跃的人进行STI筛查。性传播感染会影响任何年龄或关系状况的个人。
Get regular Pap smears
子宫颈抹片是妇女医疗保健的常规部分，以检查宫颈癌，建议从21岁开始。
该测试检测到颈椎变化的早期迹象，如果未治疗，可能导致宫颈癌。癌前的变化可以在严重之前进行跟踪和治疗。
HPVcauses nearly
HPV疫苗接种也可以帮助降低风险。有许多引起癌症的HPV菌株，这就是为什么必须进行疫苗接种，进行更安全的性别和常规的子宫颈抹片检查的原因。
Invasive cervical cancer and its treatment can have negative effects on your overall health, especially your sexual health.
同样，在许多情况下，这可能导致不孕症。重要的是要尽早确定宫颈变化，并与您的医生谈论它们。采取此步骤可以帮助防止进一步的并发症。
Women often assume that pelvic pain, like cramping, is normal. They’ve been told that menstruation is supposed to hurt. Therefore, they may not discuss their discomfort with their doctor.
您不必患严重的骨盆疼痛或腹部抽筋。您期间的严重疼痛可能是潜在的妇科或胃肠道健康问题的迹象。
Endometriosis
子宫内膜异位症是一种痛苦的疾病，其中类似子宫内膜的组织在子宫外生长。
The uterus lining is called the endometrium. It’s the source of blood and tissue during menstruation. It’s also needed to nourish a growing fetus.
当你有子宫内膜异位症, endometrium-like存款到器官和组织tissues throughout the abdomen and pelvis. This can be extremely painful.
子宫内膜异位症的症状可能包括：
- 严重的月经疼痛
- 性生活中的疼痛
- pain during bowel movements
- heavy bleeding
- bleeding between periods
Pain from endometriosis can often be treated. Treatment varies according to other health conditions you may have. Sometimes, the treatment depends on your family planning goals.
子宫内膜异位症的治疗选择包括：
- 抗炎药
- 激素疗法
- 手术以去除多余的组织
- hysterectomy(removal of the uterus)
Fibroids
Fibroids are noncancerous tumors in the uterus. Research shows that up to
Fibroids aren’t necessarily painful or problematic, and they don’t increase your risk for cancer. Fibroidsmay contribute to infertility, but many women are able to become pregnant after treatment for fibroids.
If you have fibroids and you become pregnant, your healthcare team will monitor your fibroids. Sometimes they grow during pregnancy and can affect your baby’s movement into the fetal position.
肌瘤相关症状可能包括：
- pelvic pain
- 性生活中的疼痛
- heavy or painful menstrual bleeding
- fertility issues
If treatment for your fibroids becomes necessary, several options are available. Your doctor can help you decide which method is best for you.
Birth control
If you’re someone with a uterus having sex with someone who has sperm, it’s important to know youroptions for birth control.
这可以帮助您和您的伴侣能够更好地管理与时间和家庭规模有关的计划生育决策。
There are a wide variety of available birth control options. Some methods require a prescription or a minor procedure in the doctor’s office, and some do not.
无论您的保险状况如何，节育选择通常都是负担得起的。联邦Title X Family Planning Programcovers all forms of birth control. You can find a Title X family planning clinic near youhere。
Contraceptive options include:
- male
- IUD
- 避孕药
- 荷尔蒙斑块或戒指
- birth control shot
- 皮肤下植入物
- 消毒
- 避孕海绵
- 宫颈帽
- diaphragm
与你的医生讨论这些选项is right for you. Their effectiveness varies greatly and so does the ease of use. Sterilization is considered the most effective method, but it’s permanent.
一些性健康问题会影响性活动和性欲。
Lack of interest in sex
有人可能会减少对性的兴趣减少的原因。女性性欲减少的可能原因包括：
- 新药物
- 慢性医疗状况
- 疲劳
- menopause
- 怀孕，分娩后和母乳喂养
- anxiety or depression
- 压力
- relationship concerns
If you’ve experienced a sudden lack of interest in sex, talk with your doctor. There may be an identifiable cause.
您的医生可以帮助您为许多此类情况制定治疗计划。他们还可以转介给性治疗师或其他治疗师进行咨询。
Couples therapy may be beneficial, too. If you’re bothered by a decreased sex drive, there are a variety of methods and treatments that can help.
性爱
性交不应该痛苦。如果您在性爱期间疼痛，请与您的医生交谈。有几种潜在的性痛苦原因。这些包括：
- 感染
- 子宫内膜异位症
- 肌瘤
- 阴道科
- vulvodynia
- vaginal dryness
- 过去的负面性经历
性爱can be treated in a variety of ways, depending on the cause. When you talk with your doctor about your problem, be prepared to discuss if you have vaginal discharge or other vaginal issues, or pain that occurs:
- during penetration
- 当触摸外阴外面时
- after sex
- during deep penetration
细节很重要。他们可以帮助您的医生诊断出可能导致疼痛的潜在问题。
Problems with orgasm
普遍的误解是，所有妇女都应该能够从阴道性交中高潮。但是，许多女性需要直接的阴蒂刺激才能达到高潮。
If you have difficulty reaching orgasm, practice on your own to see what feels good for you. During a shower or bath is a good time for self-exploration.
According to theAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, you might also try the following techniques alone or with a partner:
- 阅读有关性和愉悦的书籍。
- 了解您的身体及其工作原理。
- 探索有和没有伴侣的性行为的各种性活动，例如口交，触摸和手淫。
- 尝试诸如按摩之类的感官非性活动。
- 与您的伴侣谈谈您和他们喜欢的东西。
- 减少生活中压力的来源。
- Increase sexual stimulation.
- Try sexual toys.
- Use mental imagery and fantasy.
It’s also important to keep communication open between you and your sexual partner. For a better understanding of your sexual health, a sex therapist can be a helpful resource.