本发明学家是诊断和治疗直肠，肛门和整个胃肠道的外科医生。
The word “proctologist” is a bit outdated, though. These days, the preferred term is “colorectal surgeon” or “colon and rectal surgeon.”
Continue reading to learn about these highly trained specialists, the disorders they diagnose and treat, and the signs that you should see one.
结直肠外科医生管理肠道的疾病。这条道包括结肠，直肠，肛管和围巾区域。肠道的病症包括：
- Abscesses and fistulae.这些都是感染near the anus and rectum.
- 肛门皮肤标签。这些都是皮肤小肿块around the anus.
- Colon and rectal cancer.这个癌症begins in the colon or rectum.
- 憩室炎。这是一个疾病其中沿着消化道的弱点形成袋。
- 裂缝。这些都是小眼泪在肛门衬里。
- Hemorrhoids.这些都是swollen veins可以在内部或外部发生肛门。
- 炎症性肠病（IBD）。IBD is a group of炎症紊乱that includes溃疡性结肠炎和Crohn’s disease。
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).IBS是一群intestinal symptomsunrelated to IBD that can include bloating, cramping, constipation, and diarrhea.
- 息肉。这些都是癌前生长that have the potential to become colorectal cancer.
- 直肠脱垂。这是一个（健康）状况其中直肠开始从其位置落入肛门开口。
Colorectal surgeons can also treat sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including:
Colorectal surgeons are trained to perform a variety of diagnostic tests and surgical procedures. Their most common procedures include the following:
- 镜头。This procedure有助于识别肛门和直肠的异常。
- Colonoscopy.A.结肠镜检查, the doctor examines the entire colon and screens for colorectal cancer. They may also remove polyps.
- Digital rectal exams.During this体检, the doctor uses their fingers to examine the lower rectum and prostate.
- uporectal超声波。这是一种成像测试，以帮助诊断结肠直肠癌。
- Proctoscopy.In这个程序, the doctor examines the rectum and anus, takes tissue for biopsy, or removes polyps.
- sigmoidoscopy。In这个程序，医生检查了结肠的下三分之一，称为锡形结肠。
Colorectal surgeons are trained in a variety of surgical techniques, includinglaparoscopy和robotic surgery。他们还可以为某些疾病提供非诊断治疗。
在另一位医生将您指的是一个之前，您可能不会发生才能看到结肠直肠外科医生。但如果您有症状，您可能希望提出推荐：
- 肛门瘙痒或燃烧
- bleeding or other discharge from the anus
- 肛门或直肠疼痛
- anal warts，颠簸，或异物的感觉
- 粪便尿失禁
It’s important for a colorectal surgeon to understand the full extent of all your symptoms. If they don’t know about all your symptoms, they’ll have a harder time diagnosing you and determining which types of treatments you need.
That’s why it’s so crucial to speak openly with your colorectal surgeon. Otherwise, you may go through unnecessary tests or have a delayed diagnosis and treatment. This can seriously impact your health.
与您的直肠，肛门和胃肠道相关的问题可以是敏感的讨论领域。但休息放心，这是整数外科医生整天都在。
They’re familiar with the type of symptoms that bring patients in to see them, and they’re trained to listen without judgement.
Proctology is a medical specialty that requires many years of training, which includes:
- 学士学位4年的大学
- 4 years of medical school
- 成功完成一般手术中为期5年的培训计划
- 结肠和直肠手术的额外培训年份
在美国，大多数结直肠外科医生通过美国结肠和直肠手术（ABCR）认证。该认证需要正在进行的书面和口头考试。
结肠直肠外科医生必须参与持续教育在预科学领域。他们还必须在他们练习的国家获得许可。
They work in private practices, clinics, and hospitals. They may have close working relationships with胃肠科学家。
找到结肠直肠外科医生，首先要求从初级保健医生或其他医疗保健专家转介。您还可以使用可搜索数据库，例如：
以下是寻找结肠直肠外科医生时需要考虑的一些事情：
- Is the doctor board certified? Board certification means they have the required education, experience, and continuing education.
- Are they licensed to practice in your state?
- Is the doctor part of your health coverage network?
- 您是否可以在进行任何程序之前了解咨询以了解您的医生？
- 如果您有特定的症状或程序，医生以前的经验是什么？
- 您的结肠直肠外科医生会与其他医生沟通吗？
- What are their office locations and hours?
- 他们在哪里有医院承认特权？
对结直肠外科医生感到舒服是很重要的。如果没有，您可能较少倾向于讨论所有症状。
在您的初步咨询期间，结肠直肠外科医生应该愿意谈论他们的专业知识。他们还应该给你充足的问题。
If they’re dismissive or you just don’t feel comfortable with their style of communication or care, you’re not locked in. You can continue your search.
最好的医患关系取决于open communication, trust, and sensitivity. And a sense of humor doesn’t hurt, either.
Proctologists are highly specialized medical doctors also known as colorectal surgeons.
它们诊断和治疗整个胃肠道的条件。您最有可能看到涉及肛门，直肠和结肠的问题的结肠直肠外科医生。
如果你有肛门或直肠疼痛，出血或颠簸，请与您的医生交谈。初级保健医生或胃肠病学家可以将您推荐到结肠直肠外科医生以进行进一步评估。